Injection
What transgene was used to make optogenetic stimulation possible?
What are Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)
Compared to single-site right ventricular electrical pacing, multisite optical pacing in Figure 3i had this effect on the QRS duration?
What is shortening.
What part of the heart were researchers more focused on stimulating?
What are the ventricles.
The Results of this study hopes to improve upon what existing therapy for treating ventricular dyssynchrony?
What is CRT (Resynchronization Theraphy)
what is Anthony's favorite animal?
What is a Bear
What adeno-associated virus was injected into hearts that did not respond to optogenetic stimulation?(AAV-ChR2-GFP or CAG-GFP)
What is (CAG-GFP).
Based on figure: 3.j.k which site form was closest to sinus synchrony?
What technique was used to confirm that activation occurred in the ChR2 positive expression regions?
What is tissue slicing and fluorescence imaging
What did the researchers observe after the initial electrical pairing of the ex vivo heart?
What is a slow and less coordinated asymmetrical spread of activation.
Based on Figure 3.C what does the electrical pacing disrupt?
What is the natural conduction of heart electrical signaling.
What is the Langendorff Perfusion System used for?
What is to keep warm blood beating in the extracted heart in ex vivo experimentation.
What was the average total activation time for electrical pairing and multisite pairing?
what is 24.5 ms and 14.8 ms
These two parameters were varied to determine the minimal stimulation needed to reliably capture heartbeats?
What are light intensity and flash duration.