Bacterial infections
skin infection caused primarily by Staph aeurus often in combination with Strep pyogenes
Seen in young children, presents as either a vesicle that rupture resulting in thick amber colored crusts or longer lasting bullae
Impetigo
most common fungal infection with many subtypes
linked to a T-cell deficiency
candidiasis
what % of the US population has HPV in their oral cavity?
6.9%
HSV oral infections
Herpes simplex virus Type 1
HHV4
Epstein Barr virus
Strep., adenovirus, influenza and Epstein Barr virus
sudden onset sore throat, dysphagia, fever, tonsillar hyperplasia, *Erythema of the oropharyngeal mucosa and tonsils
Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis ( Strep throat)
white curd-like material can be wiped off underlying mucosa which then appears erythematous and may bleed. Patients experience a metallic taste and burning sensation
Pseudomembranous candidiasis
What types of HPV are considered High Risk HPV strains?
16 and 18
HSV genital infections
Herpes simplex virus Type 2
sore throat, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, malaise, fatigue, palatal petechiae
generally self-limiting, resolving on its own in 4-6 weeks
infectious mononucleosis (HHV4)
infectious granulomatous disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chief form - lung infections symptoms include fever, chills, fatigue, malaise, weight loss and persistent cough
oral lesions occur but are rare
tuberculosis
Patients present with painful mucosa that can be either localized or generalized. Appear as patching depapillation of the tongue
Erythematous candidiasis
What are 3 benign lesions caused by HPV in the oral cavity?
Verruca Vulagaris
Condyloma acuminatum
Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia
oral disease caused by initial infection with herpes simplex virus.
Painful erythematous and swollen perioral skin, vermillion border and oral mucosa.
Seen most commonly in ages 6 months to 6 years, can appear later in life if never exposed to virus previously
Primary Herpetic gingivostomatitis
Irregular corrugated white lesion most commonly seen on the lateral border of the tongue, can be seen in immunocompromised individuals
Hairy Leukoplakia
infection caused by Actinomyces Isralii
Colonies/organisms that appear in the pus appear as tiny bright yellow grains called sulfur granules
Formation of abscesses that tend to drain by the formation of sinus tracts
Acinomycosis
erythematous mucosa limited to the mucosa covered by a full or partial denture
is asymptomatic
denture stomatitis
AKA chronic atrophic candidiasis
Common wart
Can infect yourself if this is present on your hands/fingers by fingernail biting, finger sucking
White, papillary exophytic lesion
HPV2 most common cause
after the herpes simplex virus has had a latent period usually in the nerve tissue of the trigeminal ganglion, local recurrent infection most commonly on the border of the vermillion border
Herpes labialis AKA cold sore
Recurrent Herpes simplex infection
virus with distinctive oral lesions transmitted through fecal- oral, saliva or respiratory droplets
Coxsackievirus
Caused by Treponema pallidum transmitted sexually (if active lesions present), infected blood transfusions, transplacental
Stages
Primary- chancre lesion (lips most common)
Secondary -diffuse eruptions of the skin and mm appear as a generalized rash
Tertiary- if not treated can occur years later. Gumma- localized tertiary lesion that is noninfectious firm mass that eventually becomes an ulcer. Cardiovascular and central nervous system can be affected.
Syphilis
white lesion that does not wipe off of the mucosa - if doesn't disappear with antifungals a biopsy should be done to identify the lesion
extended denture wearing
chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
HPV 6 and 11
Appears as pink, papillary bulbous masses that can occur anywhere on oral mucosa - multiple lesions can be present
Sexually transmitted, can be transmitted though oral-genital contact
Condyloma acuminatum
what is varicella
chickenpox
Vesicles on the soft palate, fever, malaise, sore throat, difficulty swallowing
Erythematous pharyngitis is also present
Type of Coxsackievirus infection
Herpangina
painful, erythematous gingivitis with necrosis of the interdental papilla usually caused by a fusiform bacteria and Borrelia vincetti
NUG
erythema and fissuring at the labial commissures that can occur factors such as nutritional deficiencies but most commonly resulting from a candida infection
angular cheilitis
Most common in children
HPV 13 and 32
Heck disease
Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia
what is zoster
shingles
Oral lesions generally painful vesicles and ulcers that can occur anywhere in the mouth
Multiple macules or papules occur on the skin, mouth, feet and spontaneously resolve with in 2 weeks
Type of Coxsackievirus infection
Hand, foot and mouth disease
inflammation of the mucosa around the crown of a partially erupted impacted tooth
Pericoronitis
severe form usually occurs in immunocompromised patient has a chronic oral, skin, and genital lesions. Oral involvement may appear as pseudomembranous, erythematous or hyperplastic
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
highly contagious disease that causes vesicular and pustule eruptions of the skin and mucus membranes
chicken pox
fever, sore throat, mild headache
Hyperplastic lymphoid tissue of the soft palate or tonsillar pillars appear as yellowish or dark pink nodules
Type of Coxsackievirus infection
Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis
Acute inflammation of the bone and bone marrow. Pain and lymphadenopathy are significant features. Bone loss is rapid
Acute Osteomyelitis
erythematous, often rhomboid flat to raised area on the midline of the posterior dorsal tongue anterior to the circumvallate papilla and extending to the middle 1/3 of the tongue
Median rhomboid glossitis
causes unilateral (doesn't cross the midline) painful eruption of vesicles along the distribution of a sensory nerve, innervating one or more dermatomes
herpes zoster
paramyxovirus
Koplik spots which are small erythematous macules with white necrotic centers may occur in the oral cavity
Measles
long standing inflammation of the bone, can occur after acute version of disease, radiographs reveal diffuse irregular radiolucency that can eventually become radiopaque
chronic osteomyelitis
rare, deep fungal infection that can be seen in severely debilitated patients and diabetics often involving the nasal cavity, maxillary sinus and hard palate. Causative agent is caused by bacterial normally found in the soil and usually non-pathogenic.
mucomycosis
Initial phase - severe neuralgia accompanied by acute burning sensation and pain
Secondary phase- development of clusters of vesicles along the distribution of the affected sensory nerve
Tertiary phase- burning, pain or both (paresthesia) often precedes the development of vesicles
Three phases of Herpes Zoster (shingles)
severe cases can have CNS involvement
vaccine preventable disease
Mumps