Oral Path Basics
Clinical Oral Structures
Tooth Morphology Basics
General Pathology
Root Morphology Basics
100
This condition involves the overgrowth of gum tissue, often due to medication or chronic irritation.
What is gingival hyperplasia?
100
Small, pointed, raised areas found on the chewing surface of molars and premolars.
What are cusps?
100
It has two roots, one facial and one lingual, with a prominent mesial concavity that extends apically to the furcation.
What is the maxillary 1st premolar?
100
This term refers to the presence of an excess of fluid in the tissues, which can lead to swelling.
What is edema?
100
This structure covers the root of the tooth and helps anchor it within the alveolar bone.
What is cementum?
200
A condition marked by the presence of multiple, painful, recurrent lesions in the oral mucosa that can be caused by stress or certain foods.
What is aphthous stomatitis? (or aphthous ulcers)
200
A distinct line between the vascular alveolar mucosa and pink keratinized gingiva; where alveolar mucosa becomes gingiva.
What is the mucogingival (line) junction?
200
It has 5 cusps, is the largest tooth mesiodistally, and has a mesial and distal root.
What is the mandibular 1st molar?
200
Redness, swelling, heat, pain and loss of function.
What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?
200
This feature refers to the area where two or more roots of a tooth meet and can be a site of infection.
What is furcation?
300
This condition is characterized by the presence of white patches or plaques on the oral mucosa that cannot be wiped off and may be a precursor to oral cancer.
What is leukoplakia?
300
A round elevation around the lingual frenum on floor of the mouth containing the Wharton’s duct opening.
What is the sublingual caruncle?
300
This is rotation of a tooth from its usual position.
What is torsiversion?
300
This term refers to a disease that originates in one area of the body but spreads to another, often through the bloodstream.
What is metastasis?
300
This term refers to the small, lateral canals that may branch off from the main root canal and are often challenging to clean during endodontic therapy.
What are accessory canals?
400
This benign but potentially aggressive condition involves the proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen tissue, often in response to trauma or irritation.
What is a fibroma?
400
A supernumerary tooth that forms in the midline between two central incisors.
What is a mesiodens?
400
Anterior teeth are more widely spaced than normal and have notches on the incisal (biting) surfaces. 
What are Hutchinson’s incisors?
400
The process of tissue death due to lack of blood supply.
What is necrosis?
400
The anatomical term for the area that surrounds the root of a tooth within the alveolar bone, which contains the periodontal ligament.
What is the periodontal space? (periodontal ligament space)
500
An autoimmune disorder that affects the oral mucosa, presenting with painful, recurrent ulcers and a characteristic "cobblestone" appearance.
What is Behçet's disease?
500
Found unilaterally in the floor of the mouth, caused by and obstruction of a major salivary gland, usually a sialolith.
What is a ranula?
500
They are three rounded elevations on the incisal edge of newly erupted incisors.
What are mamelons?
500
These signaling proteins play a crucial role in modulating the immune response by promoting immune cell migration to the site of infection or injury and regulating the inflammatory process.
What are cytokines?
500
A severe bend or distortion of a tooth root; a 45 degree to more than 90 degree distortion.
What is dilaceration