Microbiology
What is the type of relationship where one organism benefits and the other organism neither benefits or is harmed?
a. Symbiosis b. Dysbyosis c. Commensalism d. Parasitism
c. Commensalism
An interaction in which only one organism benefits and the other neither benefits or is harmed.
Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of inflammation?
a. redness b. heat c. fever d. pain
c. Fever
Fever is a classic sign of infection
The critical pH for enamel demineralization is from ___ to ___
4.5-5.5
5mm
True or false? In the presence of a periodontal abscess, the body's response to its development most likely represents chronic inflammation.
False
The following are all descriptive functions of the extracellular slime layer that surrounds the micro-colonies found on mature biofilm EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
a. protects the bacterial micro-colonies from the penetration of antibiotics and anti-microbial agents
b. Blocks the formation of fluid channels
c. Protects the micro-colonies from leukocytes
b. Blocks the formation of fluid channels
The slime layer is penetrated by fluid channels.
All of the following are true regarding innate immunity except
a. present at birth b. does not improve with repeated exposure c. Not antigen specific d. antigen specific
d. antigen specific
Innate immunity is not antigen specific. Exposure results in no immunologic memory.
___________ is the degree of pathogenicity; properties that determine pathogenicity of an organism including invasiveness, ability to multiply in the host, and toxin production.
Virulence
The term used to describe the wearing away of tooth structure by external forces
Abrasion
Term used to describe a post operative complication of tooth extraction
"Dry socket" or alveolar osteitis
Within the first 2 days of plaque accumulation _________ are prevalent.
a. gram negative spirochetes
b. gram positive bacilli
c. gram positive cocci
d. gram negative bacilli
c. Gram positive cocci
List two inflammatory mediators
Any of the following
- prostaglandins
- Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)
- collagenase
- Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
- Inflammatory cytokines (ie. the Interleukins)
The presence or absence of this "sign" is the best diagnostic tool to distinguish pemphigus from pemphigoid
Nikolsky's
Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumour most commonly found in which salivary glands?
Parotid glands
Edema is caused by which of the following:
a. Increased vascularity
b. Increased fluid in interstitial spaces
c. Increased presence of inflammatory mediators
B
List two differences between prokaryotic cells (ie. bacterial cells) and eukaryotic cells (ie. animal cells)
Any two of the following:
Replication: prokaryotes (binary fission), eukaryotes (mitosis)
Nucleus: prokaryotes (membrane bound), eukaryotes (unbound nucleoid)
Size: prokaryote (smaller) eukaryote (larger)
Organelles: prokaryote (no membrane bound organelles), eukaryote (membrane bound organelles)
Which is not a function of the complement system?
a. immune clearance
b. stimulate pain response
c. destruction of pathogens
d. opsonization
b. stimulate pain response
A female client presents for routine dental evaluation. Her medical history is negative for systemic diseases. An erythematous butterfly-shaped rash, crossing the bridge of the nose is present. Intraorally there are a number of erythematous plaques with white striae, resembling lichen planus. What condition do you suspect may be undiagnosed in this client?
Systemic lupus
This cancer originates in epithelial squamous cells and is the most common oral malignancy, accounting for 90-95% of all oral cancers
Squamous cell carcinoma
An increased response to biofilm due to changing hormonal levels, resulting in gingival overgrowth (tumour)
Pregnancy tumour
Which of the following is not one of Koch's Postulates?
a. The microorganism must be found in the diseased animal, and not found in healthy animals.
b. The microorganism must be extracted and isolated from the diseased animal and subsequently grown in culture.
c. The microorganism must result in a gram negative stain
d. The microorganism must cause disease when introduced to a healthy experimental animal.
e. The microorganism must be extracted from the diseased experimental animal and demonstrated to be the same microorganism that was originally isolated from the first diseased animal.
c. The microorganism must result in a gram negative stain
List the 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions
1. immediate hypersensitivity
2. antibody-mediated hypersensitivity
3. immune complex hypersensitivity
4. cell mediated hypersensitivity
"Stones, bones, and abdominal groans" are classic signs of what endocrine disorder?
Hyperparathyroidism
A dental hygienist documents the following clinical features in an adult client: persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, areas of severe necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis that are not responsive to home care or NSPT, and white lesions on the tongue suggestive of hairy leukoplakia. Which condition are these findings suggestive of?
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Systemic