Key Signatures
Key signature with one flat
F Major
Hammer Bows
Martele
Crescendo
Romantic composer famous for many ballets, such as Swan Lake and the Nutcracker
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
How quarter notes are played in the baroque period
Martele
Key signature with no flats or sharps
C Major
Smooth pulsing bows
Loure
To slow down
Ritardondo
Baroque compose known for Toccata and Fugue in D minor, the Brandenburg Concertos, and Air on the G String
Johann Sebastian Bach
Spiccato
Key signature with two sharps
D Major
Bouncing bows played at balance point
Spiccato
To speed up
Accelerando
Classical Composer known for being very prolific, having written 41 symphonies, but is also known for his Requiem and his operas such as The Marriage of Figaro
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
How quarter notes are played during the romantic period
detache
Key Signature with Four sharps
E Major
staccato
To suddenly change in dynamic or tempo
Subito ___
Soviet-era Russian composer known for more aggressive compositions, his most famous being his eighth quartet, his first cello concerto, and his fifth symphony
Dmitri Shostakovich
up
Harmonic minor of C Major
A Minor
Using the stick of the bow to make a percussive sound
Col Legno
To play with more speed and energy
Piu Mosso
Romantic composer known for incorporating traditional Norwegian melodies and elements into his music, with his most famous works being In the Hall of the Mountain King and Morning Mood, both of which come from the play Peer Gynt
Edvard Grieg
How grace notes are played in the romantic period
before the beat