Weed management
A cropping system used by Anne and Eric Nordell, which involves an extended crop rotation focused on reducing the soil weed seedbank with a bare fallow period between cover crops
What is "bioextensive" agriculture?
Pests against which crop rotation is most effective
Health benefits of organic agriculture
What are reduced pesticide exposure, both worker and consumer, and increased antioxidant content (on average)?
A non-profit organization that supports organic integrity by developing a database of specific products that are allowed vs. prohibited according to different countries’ organic regulations
What is the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI)?
A system that more closely connects producers and consumers within the food system by allowing the consumer to subscribe to the harvest of a certain farm or group of farms. The consumer generally receives a share of seasonal produce each week during the growing season.
What is community-supported agriculture (CSA)?
The time of year when summer annual weeds are most vulnerable to control
What is spring, just after germination (white thread stage)?
The "level" of pest management involving mechanical and physical practices that are traditional in organic production, as well as the use of some nonsynthetic or natural materials
What is Level B? Examples: mulching, row covers, solarization, introducing insect predators/parasites
Details of soil fertility management standard related to application of raw manure
What are manure must be applied at least 90 days before harvest of a product whose edible portion does not have direct contact with the soil and 120 days for a product does have contact.
What is the Cornucopia Institute?
Avoiding prohibited chemicals but neglecting practices needed to build soil health and prevent pest and disease outbreaks
What is "organic by neglect"?
A weed management technique that relies on an integrated approach combining tactics that are weakly effective on their own, but provide good weed suppression when used together
What is "many little hammers"?
A form of particle film technology that's applied to trees and fruit to deter insect pests and provide protection from sunburn
What is Surround (kaolin clay)?
Examples of fertilizers and soil amendments allowed in organic agriculture
What are: plant and animal materials (cover crop residues, manure, compost) AND mined materials (gypsum, lime, potassium sulfate, Chilean nitrate)?
An umbrella organization with >700 affiliates across >120 nations, facilitating production and trade, promoting sustainability in agriculture, and building organic leaders’ capacity
What is International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM)?
NOP rulemaking related to fraud that took effect in March 2024
What is Strengthening Organic Enforcement?
3 alternatives to soil disturbance (e.g., inter-row cultivation) for killing weeds
What are 1) flame weeding, 2) weed zapping, 3) laser weeding, 4) sand blasting, 5) weed pulling?
Insecticides allowed in organic production
What are Pyganic (pyrethrin - from geraniums), Mycotrol (mycoinsecticide - from fungus Beauveria bassiana), Entrust (spinosad - from bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa)?
A practice that disrupts pest cycles, increases fertility, reduces weather/market risk, and spreads out labor requirements (but may result in lower short-term profitability and require more equipment or increase management complexity)
What is crop rotation?
Membership-based business association for organic agriculture and products in North America. Members include growers, processers, certifiers, etc. Aims to support organic farming and increase recognition by consumers, media, policymakers.
What is Organic Trade Association?
A term used to describe trends such as larger farm sizes, simplified agroecosystems, greater mechanization, standardized crop production, reliance on input substitution
What is "conventionalized" organic agriculture?
A practice that involves tilling/cultivating the soil early in the season to promote weed germination, then a second cultivation to kill the weeds prior to crop planting.
What is false seedbed?
Phenomenon whereby negative effects of pathogens are reduced as a result of increased production of defense proteins and hormones in crop plants.
What are systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance?
Soil health, animal welfare, and social fairness are the three pillars of this certification
What is Regenerative Organic Certification?
What is Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative (OREI)?
What is "Organic 3.0"?