Subatomic
Atomic
Elemental
Compound
Macromolecules
100
True or false: The subatomic level is larger than the atomic level
False. It is the smallest level and is primarily responsible for the charge of a substance.
100
This is the smallest form of matter that retains the characteristics or properties of a substance.
What is an atom? Remember that atoms make up everything that has mass.
100
This substance is made up of a set of atoms of the same type.
What is an element?
Remember that they are the pure substances located on the periodic table.
100
This is a pure substance created by the union of two or more elements.
What is a compound?
100
These are the smaller molecules that come together to form macromolecules.
What are monomers? Remember that a group of monomers coming together creates a "chain." "Macro-" means large, so macromolecules are large molecules created from organic compounds.
200
This is the positive subatomic particle.
What is the proton?
Remember that the neutron is neutral and the electron is negative.
200
Specialized versions of these tools are used to see atoms.
What are microscopes?
200
This number of elements exist on the periodic table.
What is 118?
Remember that these elements can be natural or synthetically created in a laboratory.
200
This is the smallest form of a compound.
What is a molecule?
Remember that compounds and molecules have undergone a chemical reaction, so they are made up of two or more different elements.
200
This macromolecule stores energy in the form of waxes, oils and fats and provides warmth for animals.
What is a lipid? Remember, phospholipids make up the outer membranes of cells within our bodies.
300
Neutrons are found within this atomic structure.
What is the nucleus?
Remember that it is found here along with protons. The negative electron orbits outside the nucleus in the "electron cloud."
300
This determines the atomic number of an element.
What is the number of protons in the atom?
300
This element contributes to the genetic makeup of many compounds in organic chemistry.
What is carbon?
300
The elements within compounds are held together by these.
What are chemical bonds?
Remember that this is where the energy is also stored within a substance.
300
Amino acids combine with each other to form thousands of different combinations of this macromolecule.
What are proteins? Remember that there are twenty common amino acids that combine with each other to form the combinations that allow gene expression.
400
Elements take, give, or share this subatomic particle to execute chemical reactions and form bonds.
What is the electron?
400
This is the process of atomic rearrangement to create new substances.
What is a chemical reaction?
Remember that matter (atoms) cannot be created or destroyed, so "new substances" are made by joining the same elements with different ones that are also present.
400
There are this many natural elements.
What is 98? As of 2024, 4 elements have been discovered on Earth in trace amounts, bringing the total up from the previous figure of 94. The remaining 20 are synthetic.
400
Glucose is a compound that is formed by this process that we covered recently in class.
What is photosynthesis? Remember that cellular respiration breaks down (uses) glucose for energy.
400
This macromolecule is responsible for storing energy in the body in the form of long chains of sugars.
What are carbohydrates?
Remember that individual monosaccharides join together to form longer chains called polysaccharides.
500
True or false: Subatomic particles possess mass.
What is false?
The sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus determines the atomic mass of a substance, but the particles themselves pertain to the charge.
500
A collection of many different atoms of a single substance makes up this classification of substances.
What is an element?
Remember: subatomic particles form atoms, which in turn form elements, which chemically react with each other to form molecules, which in turn form compounds. All these substances are pure.
500
This scientist is responsible for devising the first accepted periodic table.
Who is Dmitry Mendeleev?
Remember that this Russian scientist devised the table in 1867, and it was accepted as "Periodic Law" in 1869.
500
500 for each.
All changes in a substance can be classified into one of two categories.
What are physical changes and chemical reactions?
Physical changes are changes in appearance or state; In the end, the substance remains the same as it was at the beginning, like when an ice cube melts into liquid water.
Chemical reactions occur when the bonds between elements are broken, allowing them to rearrange and bind to new elements to create "new" substances.
500
These long polymer chains are the building blocks of DNA and RNA that make up the double helix structure.
What are nucleic acids (nucleotides)?
Remember, the four nucleotides in DNA (and how they bind) are Adenine-Thymine and Guanine-Cytosine. The four nucleotides of RNA (and how they bind) are Adenine-Uracil and Cytosine-Guanine. DNA stores our genetic information, while RNA produces proteins for the body.