Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
100
An organic compound is one that contains _______.
carbon
100
What three elements make up carbohydrates?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
100
What is the main function of a triglyceride?
Store energy
100
What are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
100
Name two nucleic acids.
DNA, RNA
200
Name the three major functions of organic compounds.
structural, enzymatic, storage (energy & information)
200
What is the basic unit of a carbohydrate?
monosaccharide
200
Describe the general structure of a triglyceride.
A glycerol molecule (3 carbon molecule) with three fatty acids attached to it.
200
What is the name of the molecule formed when multiple amino acids are bonded together?
Polypeptide chain
200
What is the basic subunit of a nucleic acid?
nucleotide
300
How many bonds can carbon make with other atoms?
Four
300
What is a polysaccharide?
A large molecule of monosaccharide units.
300
What is an unsaturated fatty acid? Why are they liquids at room temperature?
An unsaturated fatty acid is one with at least one double bond between the carbons. This gives them a bent shape which makes it so they don't stack tightly - this makes them liquid at room temperature.
300
Describe the major structure of an amino acid.
One carbon attached to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydrogen and an R side group.
300
What are the four DNA bases? Which ones pair together?
Adenine pairs with Thymine; Guanine pairs with Cytosine.
400
Name the four main groups of organic compounds.
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
400
What reaction is used to break a polysaccharide down into individual monosaccharides?
hydrolysis
400
Describe the general structure of a phospholipid and how this affects the way they interact with water.
It is a glycerol molecule with two fatty acids and one phosphate group attached to it. The end with the phosphate group is hydrophilic and like to be near water. The tails are hydrophobic and try to avoid being by water.
400
Describe what is meant by primary and secondary structure of proteins.
Primary structure describes the sequence of amino acids. Secondary structure describes the chain forming alpha helices and beta sheets.
400
What is the name of the process where RNA is formed from DNA.
Transcription
500
Name one example of a carbohydrate, a lipid, and a nucleic acid.
Carbohydrate - glucose, galactose, sucrose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin Lipid - fatty acid, triglyceride, phospholipid Nucleic acid - DNA, RNA
500
What polysaccharide makes up the exoskeletons of insects, making them strong, insoluble and flexible?
Chitin
500
How are fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule?
Through a dehydration synthesis reaction.
500
Describe tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins.
Tertiary structure describes the overall 3-D shape of the protein as it folds up on itself. The quaternary structure describes the bonding between multiple polypeptide chains.
500
Name three differences between DNA and RNA we discussed in lecture.
The sugars are different; in RNA, thymine is replaced with uracil; and DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.
M
e
n
u