Aldehydes, Ketones, and Esters
What is the functional group of an Ester?
R–COO–R'
(-CONH2)
What is the functional group for amides?
What is its suffix and functional group?
-oic acid
-COOH (has double bond)
Are alkenes polar molecules?
True OR False
FALSE! Alkenes (and alkanes) are non-polar molecules.
A name given to a solution of exactly known concentration that can be obtained highly pure with a known formula and high molecular mass.
Define a Primary Standard.
What makes up an Ester?
Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol
-amine
What suffix is used to name amines?
What type of acids are they? Give 2 examples.
Weak Acids
- Methanoic acid
- Butanoic acid
- Pentanoic acid
etc.....
What notation can be used for the cis and trans isomers?
cis - Z
trans - E
How do catalyst's affect the equilibrium position?
They dont.
They create a lower activation energy and increase both forward and reverse reaction.
They do not favor a side.
When water is formed during esterification, it is also called...
Where will you find an amine functional group on a chain?
The end.
They are a polar molecule.
True OR False
TRUE
Why?
Because they consist -OH and -C--O groups which can form H bonds.
How can you test for an alkene?
Bromine water
The bromine water (brown solution) reacts with the double bond to turn it colourless.
Alkanes have no double bond and therefore is nonreactive (remains brown)
Differentiate between equivalence point and end point.
Equivalence point: when the reactants are in stoichiometric ratio; standard solution is equal to unknown concentration
End point: the point in a titration when the indicator changes colour
Where can ketones be found?
- Human body eg. testosterone
- Nail polish remover ie. actone
- Foods eg. avacado, cheese
BTW: "Ketones are produced when the body burns fat for energy or fuel. They are also produced when you lose weight or if there is not enough insulin to help your body use sugar for energy. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the blood. Since the body is unable to use glucose for energy, it breaks down fat instead. "
Primary: -OH is attracted to a carbon which is attached to another one carbon atom
Secondary: -OH is attracted to a carbon which is attached to another two carbon atom
Tertiary: -OH is attracted to a carbon which is attached to another three carbon atom
Distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
Methane is the main component of...
NATURAL GAS
(like your fart)
How many countries signed the United Nations Kyoto Protocol agreement?
192 countries
What is its general formula?
CnH2n+1COOH
Butane is a member of the ____(a)_____ homologous series. The forces of attraction holding butane molecules to each other are ___(b)______. As the chain length of alkanes increases, their boiling points ___(c)_____. Alkanes are __(d)____ in water. This is because the forces of attraction between water molecules and alkane molecules are ___(e)___ than the _____(f)_______between water molecules.
(a) Alkane
(b) Weak dispersion forces
(c) Increase
(d) Insoluble
(e) weaker
(f) Hydrogen bonding
How do you spell the indicator that is colourless in acidic solutions and turns pink in basic solutions?
P-H-E-N-O-L-P-H-T-H-A-L-E-I-N