The 4 Macromolecules
Which macromolecule group is overall hydrophobic and stores the most energy?
lipids
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
monosaccharide
This common chemical functional group is part of every monomer of a protein
amine group
Most common lipid in the plasma membrane?
phospholipid
What are the 3 parts to the monomer of a nucleic acid?
phosphate chemical functional group, 5 carbon sugar, and base (purine or pyramidine)
Which macromolecule group provides no nutrients/energy but is found in every cell?
nucleic acids
The monosaccaride most used/needed by the body and necessary for making ATP?
glucose
These are secondary structures, and if denatured down to the secondary structure a protein is destroyed.
Lipid that is most commonly consumed for energy from foods?
triglycerides
The monosaccaride that helps form the nucelotide of RNA
ribose
Which macromolecule group contains carbon and oxygen elements in equal amounts?
carbohydrates
Anywhere from 3-20 monosaccarides can make these carbohydrate markers which hang off the outer part of the cell membrane and identify the type of cell that it is?
oligosaccharides
What common structure in the cytoplasm of all cells, is need to make proteins?
ribosomes
How are saturated triglycerides (i.e. fats) different from unsaturated triglycerides (i.e. oils)?
Single straight bonds form 3 fatty acid tails of saturated fats. Unsaturated fats have some double carbon bonds which give the fatty acid tail a kinked appearance.
What are Chargaff's rules?
Guanine always goes with Cytosine
Adenine always goes with Thymine (uricil in the case of RNA)
Which macromolecule group has many different functions in the body from communication, transport, structure, defense, and speeding up reactions?
proteins
A polysaccharide that makes up fungi cell walls and the exoskeleton of arthropods.
chitin
From where is the original information taken and copied from in order to form a protein?
DNA
The 2 fatty acid tails of a phospholipid are _________ while the head is ________
hydrophobic; hydrophilic
How do the purines and pyrimidines of DNA bond together?
2-3 hydrogen bonds
proteins and nucleic acids
Two different polymer forms that provide short term energy storage in plants and in animals.
Starch (in plants)
Glycogen (in animals) stored in liver
What type of bonds link monomers (amino acids) together to form a polypeptide?
peptide bonds
What is it called when a molecule has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic reigns
amphipathic
Which form of RNA has both an anticodon and an amino acid?