Organ Systems
What system is responsible for getting signals from various parts of the body to our brain, and sending signals back from the brain so our body knows what to do?
Nervous system.
What kind of organism doesn't respond to its environment? (Homeostasis.)
A dead one!
Are most feedback loops positive or negative?
Negative
The smallest level of organization.
subatomic particle
stores genetic information for the cell.
nucleus
a stable internal environment
homeostasis
Name of receptors that detect change in external temperature
thermoreceptors
Why is glucose an important substance in the body
Used to generate energy through cell respiration.
Why does our heart pump faster when we run in place?
It distributes more oxygen to generate energy.
You're hungry and eat something. What happens to your blood sugar?
It increases, (and eventually decreases).
In this type of feedback loop, the response opposes the original stimuli.
Negative feedback.
Level below/smaller than a cell.
organelle
Produces cellular proteins
ribosomes or rough ER
You eat an ice cream sundae. What happens to your blood sugar level and how does your body respond to the change?
level rises and body responds by lowering it
What purpose do you shiver when you are cold?
To use energy which will release heat and make you warmer
What is the storage molecule for glucose?
Glycogen
What system responds to pathogens to maintain a healthy non-diseased body?
Immune system.
Homeostasis can be overridden if signals from these specialized cells don't reach the brain.
Sensory receptors
This disease is caused by a broken feedback loop with the hormone insulin; making it impossible for the body to reduce high blood sugar to safe levels
Diabetes
Level between cell and organ.
tissue
Controls what enters and exits a cell.
cell membrane
the type of feedback loop for labor contractions
positive
What happens to your blood vessels as you get hot?
they dilate to release heat
What are the 2 main ways in which insulin reduces blood glucose levels?
Promote uptake of glucose into body cells
Promote storage of glucose in liver
What systems allow us to engage in high-energy activities like running in place?
Nervous, respiratory, circulatory.
Between stimuli and response, what intermediary is needed to make the body respond?
the control center
In this type of feedback loop, the response increases the effect of the original stimulus.
Positive feedback.
A stomach is an example of this level.
organ
produces energy for cellular functions
mitochondria
causes the effector to act in the opposite direction as the stimulus
negative feedback loop
Why would high humidity affect thermoregulation?
In humid conditions - evaporation can't occur, therefore reducing possible heat loss from the body in hot conditions
What are the two main hormones involved in glucose regulation and what basically do they do?
Insulin- glucose goes into cells and liver
Glucagon - glucose is released from storage in the liver
The part of the brain that manages homeostasis.
Hypothalmus
Organisms reach a state of equilibrium called by reaching the
Set point or normal lever
This response occurs when platelets, red blood cells, and fibrin block a ruptured blood vessel, and eventually form a scab.
Blood clotting.
Put these in order from smallest to largest: tissue, atom, organism, cell, organ system.
atom, cell, tissue, organ system, organism
2 organelles found only in plant cells
chloroplast
cell wall
central vacuole
Put the following in order:
control center, effector, stimulus, response, receptor
stimulus, receptor, control center, effector, response
Provide a full physiological feedback loop for a person during a heat wave.
Stimulus: Increase body temp
Receptors: thermoreceptors
Control Center: Hypothalamus
Effectors: Sweat glands, blood vessels in skin
Response: Increase sweat production, & dilation of vessels to release heat
Provide the full feedback loop for a person who has been fasting for 24 hours ahead of a surgery.
Stimulus: Low blood glucose
Receptor: Chemoreceptor
Control Center: pancreas
Effector: Liver & Skeletal muscle
Response: Release stored glucose to increase blood sugar