Personality & Teams
What are the 5 traits in the Big Five Personality Test
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
What is perception?
Process by which individuals organize and interpret their impressions in order to give meaning to their environment
What does SMART goal stand for? (Bonus if you can name what SMARTER goal stands for)
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-Framed, Exciting, Reviewed
What is jargon?
Language of specialized terms used by a group or profession
Common shorthand among experts (quick, efficient way of communicating)
Consists of unfamiliar terms, abstract words, nonexistent words, acronyms, and abbreviations
Can be an obstacle to effective communication
the _____ someone is dependent on you, the _____ power you have
more; more
Name all 4 of the MBTI Preference Pairs
I/E (Introversion/Extraversion)
N/S (Intuitive/Sensing)
F/T (Feeling/Thinking)
P/J (Perceiving/Judging)
Why is understanding perception important in OB?
What we perceive can be substantially different from objective reality
People’s behaviour is based on their perception of what reality is, not reality itself
What is motivation?
Is the level, direction, and persistence of effort
Is about what energizes and sustains our action in pursuit of a goal
Is the result of the interaction between the individual and the situation
Is not a personal trait that some people have and others don’t
Name a communication channel with high information richness
face to face conversation, video conferencing, phone call
What is conformity?
People’s tendencies to behave consistently with social norms
What is the difference between social loafing vs free riding
social loafing - Exert less effort when working collectively on a task than they would if they were working alone
Free riding - Exploit the efforts of others without making their own contributions
What is absenteeism?
Absenteeism - Unscheduled absence from work (unpredictable)
What is the difference between Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic Motivation - Driven by internal rewards, personal interest, and enjoyment
Process focused → higher self-esteem and autonomy
Examples → Learning new language for the joy of it or volunteering for personal satisfaction
Extrinsic Motivation --> Driven by external factors like money, recognition, or punishment avoidance
Outcome focused, often creating tension or pressure
Examples → working for a promotion, studying for grades, or complying with rules to avoid penalties
List 3 tips for active listening.
Giving full attention to what other people are saying
Taking time to understand the points being made
Asking questions as needed
Listen for message content
Listen for feelings
Respond to feelings
Note all cues
Paraphrase and restate
What are the three directions of influence
upward, downward, peer
What stage in Team development would conflict occur in
Storming stage
Bonus question: Can you name all 5 stages in team development?
What is the difference between attitudes and emotions?
Attitudes:Judgement(s) about an object, Based mainly on rationale logic, Usually stable for days or longer
Emotions: Experience(s) related to an object, Based on innate and learned responses to environments, Usually experienced for seconds or less
Name and define the 4 types of reinforcement interventions
Positive Reinforcement → increase the desired behaviour, Making sure that behavior is met with positive consequences
Praising employee after positive behaviour
Negative Reinforcement → increase desired behavior, Removal of unpleasant outcomes once desired behavior is demonstrated
Negative stimulus in the environment will remain present until positive behavior is demonstrated
Nagging employee to complete report
Extinction - Decrease the frequency of negative behaviors
Sometimes negative behaviour are demonstrated because they are being inadvertently rewarded, Removal of rewards following negative behavior
Coworker is forwarding messages containing jokes
Completely ignoring such messages may reduce their frequency
Punishment - Decrease the frequency of negative behaviors
Presenting negative consequences following unwanted behaviors
Giving an employee a warning for consistently being late to work
When is it best to use verbal communication?
Conveying emotion and feelings
Message does not need to be permanent
Time urgency
Need immediate feedback
Ideas are simple or can be made simple with explanations
Name the six sources of power.
Legitimate
Reward
Coercive
Expert
Information
Referent
Psychology (human mind, behaviour)
Sociology (society, human behaviour, patterns in relationships)
Economics (how individuals/organizations make decisions with constraints)
Political science (dynamics of power)
Medical science (effects of stress)
Name and define the 4 perception dangers
selective perception- Selective interpretation based on interests, backgrounds, experiences, attitudes
Halo effect - Drawing a general impression of an individual on the basis of a single characteristic
Contrast Effect - Our reaction to one person is often influenced by other people we have recently encountered
Stereotyping - Judging someone on the basis of one’s perception of the group to which that person belongs (Heuristics - Judgement shortcuts)
Based on Maslow's Hiearchy of Needs, what is an organizational example for achieving esteem and self-acutalization needs
Esteem --> job title
Self-actualization --> challenging job
The average public speaker's communication speed is ___ words per minute. The average person in the audience can hear _____ words per minute. This means theres ______ time and can cause _______.
Average public speaker communication speed 125 words per minute. Average person in the audience can hear 400-500 words a minute. This means theres more than enough time and can cause minds to wander
Nonverbal impression -->Clothing, demeanor, body art (piercings, tattoos)
Verbal impression -->Tone of voice, rate of speech, what you choose to say, how you say it
Behaviour impression --> How you perform on the job, how you interact with others