a research approach that focuses on the physical, cognitive, or psychological characteristics (e.g. traits, abilities, dispositions, etc) that result in leadership effectiveness and/or emergence.
What is the trait approach to leadership
These theorists identified aspects of organizational culture that were prevalent in high-performing companies
Who are Peters and Waterman
the interaction of interdependent people who perceive incompatible goals
What is conflict
What is anticipatory socialization
This approach is effective when the other party is the expert or has a better solution.
What is accommodating?
Control is built into the technologies used in an organization
What is technological control
This approach is very effective when the atmosphere is emotionally charged and you need to create some space
What is avoiding?
power is based on a system of rational legal rules and the connection of these rules to rewards and punishments
What is bureaucratic control
This apporach can be effective for complex scenarios where you need to find a novel solution
What is collaboration?
when members of work group reward and punish each other for conformity to group values
What is concertive control
This approach may be appropriate for scenarios where you need a temporary solution, or where both sides have equally important goals
What is compromising?