Cause and Effect
Name three signal words that indicate cause and effect.
What are "because" "caused," "as a result, "since," "led to,"
What word means to show how two things are the SAME?
What is compare?
What do we call something that is wrong or difficult and needs to be fixed?
What is a problem?
What do we call words that tell us HOW something looks, feels, or sounds?
What is: descriptive words?
Name one word that signals the beginning of a sequence
What is: "first" (or "next" or "then")?
In the sentence "She studied hard, so she passed the test,"What is the cause?
What is "she studied hard"?
Which signal word shows a DIFFERENCE between two things?
(like / but / and)
What is "but"?
Which signal word shows a solution? (because / so / but)
What is "so"?
Which word is a good description?
(big / run / happy)
What is "big" or "happy"?
Descriptive words = words that PAINT A PICTURE!
Tells you how someone feels or their mood.
Run is not descriptive because it tells you what someone does (an action)
Match the signal word to its pattern: 'because' goes with what?
(sequence / cause and effect / compare)
What is cause and effect?
"Which signal word best completes this sentence: 'She forgot her umbrella, ___ she got wet in the rain'?"
What is "so" (or "therefore" or "as a result")?
Both dogs and cats are pets, but dogs are usually louder than cats.' Is this comparing or contrasting?
What is: both (or comparing AND contrasting)?
Hint:
Compare = showing similarities (use "both," "like," "same as")
Contrast = showing differences (use "but," "however," "unlike")
The dog was hungry, so the boy gave him food.
What is the problem
What is: The dog was hungry?
Read this: 'The soft, fluffy kitten purred loudly.'
Name two descriptive words."
What is: "soft" and "fluffy" (or "fluffy" and "loudly")?
Read these signal words: 'both,' 'but,' 'like.' Which one shows a DIFFERENCE between two things?
What is "but"?
The power went out because lightning struck the power lines. What is the cause and what is the effect?
What is:
Cause: lightning struck the power lines
Effect: the power went out
You're writing about how soccer and basketball are alike and different.
Name two signal words you would use to show similarities and two you would use to show differences.
What is:
Similarities: 'both,' 'like,' 'same as'
Differences: 'but,' 'however,' 'unlike,' 'different from'?
A story says: 'The lights went out during the storm. Mom found candles and flashlights to light the house.' Identify the problem AND the solution.
What is:
Problem: the lights went out
Solution: Mom used candles and flashlights?
A description says: The salty ocean water splashed on my face, and I heard the waves crashing.
Which SENSES does the author use?
What is: touch (salty, splashed), hearing (heard, crashing)?
A sentence says: Both robins and cardinals are native birds in Virginia, but they vary in diet and nesting behaviors.
What organizational pattern is it?
How do you know?
What is compare/contrast?
There is a clear similarity: Both are native birds in Virginia.
There is a clear difference: But they vary in diet and nesting behaviors.
Joshua missed the bus, so he was late to school. Because he was late, he missed a quiz.
Name all the causes and effects in this story.
Hint: one thing leads to another
What is:
Cause 1: Joshua missed the bus
Effect 1/Cause 2: he was late to school
(Effect 1: This happened because he missed the bus; Cause 2: This is the reason he missed the quiz)
Effect 2: he missed a quiz?
A text talks about solar power and wind power. It says they are the SAME because both are clean and help the Earth. But it also says they are DIFFERENT because the sun works better on sunny days and wind works better on windy days.
What pattern is the author using?"
What is: compare and contrast?
In a book, a character's solution doesn't work at first. She tries again with a different idea and it works. Why might an author show a solution that fails before showing one that works?
What is: To make the story more interesting and show that sometimes you need to try more than once?
Rewrite this bland sentence with better descriptions: The dog ran in the park.
Use at least two descriptive words.
What is:
Example: The energetic golden dog ran happily through the sunny park (or similar descriptive version)?
Read this: 'Because it rained, the game was cancelled. However, the team decided to practice indoors instead.
What organizational pattern does 'because' show?
What is:
Pattern: cause and effect?
In this sentence:
Cause: It rained (the reason)
Effect: The game was cancelled (what happened)