OTB-1
organization
Organization: A social entity that is systematically structured and managed to pursue collective goals on a continuing basis (goal-oriented), and with a link to the external environment.
Organizations are open systems in that they affect and are affected by the environment beyond their boundaries.
Organizational Structure
Functional Structure
Divisional Structure
Matrix Structure
Hybrid Structure
Hybrid Structure
is one in which more than one organizational design is used.
Organization Theory
•the set of propositions (body of knowledge) stemming from a definable field of study which can be termed organizations science (Kast&Rosenzweig1970).
•The study of organizations: is an applied science because the resulting knowledge is relevant to problem solving or decision making in ongoing enterprises or institutions (Kast&Rosenzweig1970).
Developing an OB Model
Organization System Level
Group Level
Individual Level
Functional Structure
is comprised of all departments that an organization requires to produce its goods or services
Divisional Structure
Matrix Structure:
Five Basic Parts of an Organization
Top Management, Technical Support, Administrative support & Technical core
Challenges and Opportunities for OB
Responding to Economic Pressures
Responding to Globalization
Managing Workforce Diversity
Improving Quality and Productivity
Improving Customer Service
ØImproving People Skills
ØStimulating Innovation and Change
Coping with “Temporariness”
Working in Networked Organizations
Helping Employees Balance Work-Life Conflicts
Creating a Positive Work Environment
Improving Ethical Behavior
Study Variables
Independent (X)
The presumed cause of the change in the dependent variable (Y).
This is the variable that OB researchers manipulate to observe the changes in Y.
Dependent (Y)
This is the response to X (the independent variable).
It is what the OB researchers want to predict or explain.
The interesting variable!
Dependent Variables
Productivity
Transforming inputs to outputs at lowest cost. Includes the concepts of effectiveness (achievement of goals) and efficiency (meeting goals at a low cost).
Absenteeism
Failure to report to work – a huge cost to employers.
Turnover
Voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization.
Deviant Workplace Behavior
Voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and thereby threatens the well-being of the organization and/or any of its members.
The Independent Variables
Individual
Biographical characteristics, personality and emotions, values and attitudes, ability, perception, motivation, individual learning, and individual decision making
Group
Communication, group decision making, leadership and trust, group structure, conflict, power and politics, and work teams
Organization System
Organizational culture, human resource policies and practices, and organizational structure and design
Building Blocks of OB
Psychology
Social Psychology
Sociology
Anthropology
Organizational Behavior
A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behaviour within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving a organization’s effectiveness
Categories of Management Skills
Managers
Make decisions
Allocate resources
Direct activities of others to attain goals
Theory
A plan or scheme existing in the mind only, but based on principles verifiable by experiment or observation”
Interpersonal Skills
Technical and quantitative skills are important
But leadership and communication skills are CRITICAL
Organizational bene
Japanese and Western Management
promotion for seniority
Promotion for performance