Theories of Motivation
This theory argues that the factors that eliminate dissatisfaction are different from the factors that create satisfaction.
What is Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory?
This Big Five trait involves being organized, dependable, and disciplined.
What is conscientiousness?
These leadership theories assume leaders are born with certain characteristics.
What are trait theories of leadership?
This step in Kotter’s model focuses on convincing people that change is necessary.
What is creating a (or increasing) sense of urgency?
This phenomenon occurs when the desire for consensus overrides the willingness to realistically appraise alternatives.
What is groupthink?
According to Herzberg, these factors—such as salary, policies, or supervision—prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate.
What are hygiene factors?
Because of this bias, leaders might reject contradictory evidence and stick with their initial belief.
What is confirmation bias?
This leadership style emphasizes exchange: rewards for performance and compliance.
What is transactional leadership?
This step involves laying out how the organization will look and function after the change.
What is creating or developing a vision?
This risk arises when a team becomes too cohesive and stops challenging assumptions.
What is excessive cohesion?
(groupthink would be a related concept, but not the best answer)
This theory proposes that employees compare their input–outcome ratios to those of relevant others.
What is Equity Theory?
A person who is cooperative and defers to others scores high on this trait.
What is agreeableness?
These leadership theories focus on what leaders do, rather than who they are.
What are behavioral theories of leadership?
In Kotter’s model, this step involves assembling a group with enough power to lead the change.
What is forming a powerful guiding coalition?
During this stage, the team resolves conflict and begins developing norms and cohesion.
What is the norming stage?
According to Equity Theory, these are the personal contributions an employee brings to the workplace—such as effort, skills, or experience.
What are inputs?
This trait includes calmness when low, and anxiety or moodiness when high.
What is neuroticism?
This leadership approach focuses on serving the needs of followers first.
What is servant leadership?
In Schein’s model, visible structures, rituals, and symbols reflect this level of culture.
What are artifacts?
In Tuckman’s model, this stage is characterized by conflict over goals and roles.
What is the storming stage?
Name one action employees might take when they perceive inequity.
What is any of the following: change inputs, change outcomes, change the reference, change perception, or leave the organization?
This bias causes individuals to overestimate their ability or the accuracy of their judgments.
What is overconfidence bias?
This leadership style inspires followers through vision, charisma, and individualized consideration.
What is transformational leadership?
The deepest level of culture consists of these taken-for-granted truths that people rarely question.
What are beliefs/basic underlying assumptions?
This is the final stage where the team disbands after completing its work.
What is the adjourning stage?