Trait approach
Are great leaders born or made?
Made! but there are some traits that tend to be found in successful leaders
What are the two types of behaviors?
Task behaviors: Facilitate goal accomplishment and help group members achieve objectives
Relationship behaviors: Help subordinates feel comfortable with themselves, each other, and the situation.
What are the four leadership style in the situational approach? Just list them!
Directing style, coaching style, supporting style, delegating style
What is supportive leadership in PGT?
Supportive leadership consists of being friendly and approachable as a leader and includes attending to the well being and human needs of followers. Leaders using supportive behaviors go out of their way to make work pleasant for followers. In addition, supportive leaders treat followers as equals and give them respect for their status.
What are the types of three skills?
Technical skill: knowledge about and proficiency in a specific type of work or activity.
Human skill: knowledge about and ability to work with people aka "people skills"
Conceptual skill: the ability to work with ideas and concepts
What are the big five personality factors? Which one is most highly correlated with leadership? (Must answer both for full points!)
Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness
Extraversion is most highly correlated
What are the 7 leadership styles in Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid? Just list them!
Authority compliance, country-club management, impoverished management, middle of the road management, team management, paternalism/ maternalism, opportunism
What is the coaching style?
high directive-high supportive style. , the leader focuses communication on both achieving goals and meeting followers’ socioemotional needs. The coaching-style requires that the leader involve themselves with followers by giving encouragement and soliciting follower input.
What is Directive leadership in PGT?
It characterizes a leader who gives followers instructions about their task, including what is expected of them, how it is to be done, and the timeline for when it should be completed. A directive leader sets clear standards of performance and makes the rules and regulations clear to followers.
What are the three competency skills for leaders?
Problem-solving, social judgment, general and specific knowledge
What are the major leadership traits? hint: there are 5
Intelligence, self-confidence (high self-efficacy), Determination, Integrity, sociability.
What is paternalism/ maternalism? Hint: Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid
refers to a leader who uses both the 1,9 and 9,1 styles but does not integrate the two. This is the ”benevolent dictator” who acts graciously but does so for the purpose of goal accomplishment. In essence, the paternalistic or maternalistic style treats people as if they were disassociated from the task. Paternalistic or maternalistic leaders are often described as “fatherly” or “motherly” toward their followers; regard the organization as a family, make the most of key decisions, and reward loyalty and obedience while punishing noncompliance.
What is the directing style?
high directive-low supportive style. the leader focuses communication on goal achievement and spends a smaller amount of time using supportive behaviors. Using this style, a leader gives instructions about what and how goals are to be achieved by the followers and then supervises them carefully.
What is participative leadership in PGT?
Participative leadership consists of inviting followers to share in decision making. A participative leader consults with followers, obtains their ideas and opinions, and integrates their suggestions into the decision about how the group or organization will proceed.
Which skills are most/least important at TOP levels of management?
Conceptual and Human skills are most important! Technical skills are less important at top levels of management.
What is emotional intelligence?
Emotional intelligence is concerned with our ability to understand emotions (both ours and others) to facilitate thinking, to understand and reason with emotions, and to effectively manage emotions in ourselves and with others.
What is opportunism? Hint: Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid
Opportunism refers to a leader who uses any combination of the basic five styles for the purpose of personal advancement. An opportunistic leader will adapt and shift his or her leadership behavior to gain personal advantage, putting self-interest ahead of other priorities. Both the performance and effort of the leader are to realize personal gain. Some phrases used to describe this leadership behavior include ruthless, cunning, and self-motivated, while some could argue that these types of leaders are adaptable and strategic.
What is the supporting style?
High supportive-low directive style. In this approach, the leader does not focus exclusively on goals but uses supportive behaviors that bring out followers’ skills around the goal to be accomplished. The supportive style includes listening, praising, asking for input, and giving feedback. A leader using this style gives followers control of day-to-day decisions but remains available to facilitate problem-solving. An S3 leader is quick to give recognition and social support to followers.
What is unique about PGT?
That it attempts to integrate the motivation principles of expectancy theory into a theory of leadership, no other leadership approach deals directly with motivation in that way.
What are the four components of Social Judgment?
Perspective-taking, Social perceptiveness, Behavior flexibility, Social Performance
What percentage of the variance do traits account for impacting overall leadership style and abilities?
30%
What is authority compliance? Hint: Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid
The 9,1 style of leadership places heavy emphasis on task and job requirements, and less emphasis on people, except to the extent that people are tools for getting the job done. Communicating with subordinates is not emphasized except for the purpose of giving instructions about the task. This style is result-driven, and people are regarded as tools to that end. The 9,1 leader is often seen as controlling, demanding, hard-driving, and overpowering.
What is the delegating style?
Low supportive- low directive style. the leader offers less goal input and social support, facilitating followers’ confidence and motivation in reference to the goal. The delegative leader lessens involvement in planning, control of details, and goal clarification. After the group agrees on what it is to do, this style lets followers take responsibility for getting the job done the way they see fit. A leader using S4 gives control to followers and refrains from intervening with unnecessary social support.
What are the two types of desire for control? How are they different?
Internal v external. Followers with an internal locus of control believe they are in charge of events that occur in their life, whereas those with an external locus of control believe that chance, fate, or outside forces determine life events.
What are Environmental Influences? (hint: there are two types, how are they different?)
Factors that lie outside of the leader’s competencies, characteristics, and experiences
Internal: outdated tech, the skill level of employees
External: economic, social, or political issues; natural disasters