Describe
Describe The Big Bang Theory - provide one piece of evidence that supports the theory
The theory that explains how the Earth was formed after a big hot explosion - (13.7 billion years ago). - ex: The Doppler Effect
What are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins?
Amino acids.
Compare and contrast DNA and RNA. What do they have in common? How are they different? Which came first?
- RNA came first -
DNA (double stranded-deoxyribose) - RNA (single stranded-ribose)
Both have sugars and genetic material
What is polymerization and how does it relate to the origin of life on Earth?
It is the process of combining many small components such as amino acids.
In the early earth, where did the energy come from to break the bonds within the amino acids?
Lighting and thunder.
Describe the Doppler Effect and how it relates to the Big Bang Theory.
The sound or light waves traveling towards an observer get compressed and increase as they get closer to the observer.
What are valence electrons? How many valence electrons does Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen have? How many bonds can they make with other atoms to be stable?
are electrons in the outermost shell of the atom that determine an atom's or group's ability to bond with others. -
Carbon: 4 → needs 4 more
Nitrogen: 5 → needs 3 more
Hydrogen: 1 → needs 7 more
Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. What do they have in common? How are they different? Which came first?
Prokaryotic Cells came first
Pr (no nucleus-unicellular life) - Eu (membran ebound and nucleus-multicellular)
Both have ribosomes - genetic material.
What is the basic chemical structure of an amino acid? How are all 20 amino acids the same? How are they different?
They all have the same structure (All Amino Acids are made up of central or alpha carbon, a carboxyl group (acidic, an amino group, and a side chain (R group)).
The R group changes depending on the amino acid.
What was the protocell and how was it formed?
The first cell is known as the protocell. When molecules called phospholipids are placed in water or aqueous environments, they form bi-layers. The protocell. It was basically a spherical collection of phospholipids (cell membrane).
Describe how the Earth was formed and provide one piece of evidence that supports this idea.
It was formed 4.6 billion years ago - when gravity pulled gas and stardust together, forming a hot chunk of rock.
What are the roles of proteins in living organisms?
They do most of the work in cells and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.
What is that type of chemical reaction called? Be able to draw a peptide bond.
Condensation reaction.
Explain the endosymbiotic theory. What evidence supports this theory?
Explains how Eukaryotic cells evolved from Prokaryotic Cells.
Describe why Earth is lucky to be in the position that it is in the solar system.
The right distance from the sun to support life. Anything closer would be too hot and anything further away would be too cold.
What are stromatolites? Are they prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Stromatolites are the oldest fossil evidence of the “first cells.” They are layers of cyanobacteria (photosynthetic bacteria) and sediment.
How do amino acids come together to form proteins? What is the bond called?
Nitrogen from one amino acid connects to the central carbon of the other - A Peptide Bond.
Describe the Miller-Urey Experiment, its purpose, results, and how it relates to the origin of life on Earth.
They found that the reaction mixture contained a number of different amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins! - Demonstrated that the basic materials needed to form life could have been generated spontaneously! Provided evidence that life can be formed from non-living components!
What are the structures of glycine and alanine? Be able to draw them and identify the following groups: central or alpha carbon, carboxyl group, amine group, and r-group (side chain).
All Amino Acids are made up of central or alpha carbon, a carboxyl group (acidic, an amino group, and a side chain (R group)
Gly: 1 hydrogen (H)
Ala: 2 hydrogens, one carbon (H3C)