Agents of Evolution
What is the creation of new species?
Speciation
What occurs when a leaf is pressed into becoming carbon by sedimentary rock?
Carbon film fossil
Which supposed whale ancesotr was thought to be the first ancestor because it was wolf-like, but was later ignored?
Mesonychid
What is a proposed intermediates between birds and reptiles?
Archeopteryx
What happens when other materials fill inthe shape left by an organism?
Cast
What is the random changes in the frequencies of genes in the gene pool of a population?
Genetic drift
What is the idea that drastic environmental changes could occur which forces very rapid evolution?
Punctuated equilibrium
What is Ambulocetus also known as?
What occurs when soft body structures are pressed into develping rock and leaving an impression of their shape?
Imprints
What occurs when minerals gradually replace the hard parts of an organism, such as bones?
Petrified fossils
What is convergent evolution?
The process of widely different organisms becoming more alike to adapt to similar environments
What is the comparison of the chemical makeup of all living things?
Comparative biochemistry
Which horse ancestor had four toes on the front feet and three on the back feet?
Eohippus
When a hard body part or piece of wood are completely covered by sediments and then decomposed to leave a hollow shape
What is Equus?
Explain the difference between how Creationsists and evolutionsist view changes in organisms.
Creationists believe taht changes in organisms is llimeted to pre-existing DNA and there is an overall loss of genetic information.
Evolutionists believe that this can add genetic information.
What is Cytochrome C?
An enzyme found in most living things that funcitons in aerobic respiration.
List the five animals in the horse series.
Eohippus
Mesohippus
Mercyhippus
Pliohippus
Equus
What is significant about Basilosaurus?
It was not able to function on land (because the pelvis is not attached to its skeleton)
How did Alexander Oparin believe that life arises from nonlife?
The basic chemicals of life (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen) will not come together in the presence of free oxygen.
Oparin fought the early atmosphere msut have been much different than it is today. He believe the early atmosphere was water vapor, methane, hydrogen, and ammonia.
Energy from volcanic heat and lightning and the sun's UV rays caused these substances to combine to form organic compounds (but not complex enough yet).
These simple organic molecules became an organic soup and then became organic macromolecules that can reproduce themselves.
The first cell was similar to anaerobic bacteria. The descendants of this eventually developed photosynthesis.
Explain Miller's experiment?
Fill a flask with water and sealed it.
Water vaper was channeled into a long tube. Ammonia, Methane, and Hydrogen was added to it.
This mixture was placedin a spark chamber.
An electrical spark provided energy for reactions to occur.
The new compounds were liquified and trapped so that nothing could escape and enter.
After 7 days, Miller found some amino acids
List the five animals in the whale series.
Artiodactyles
Pakicetus
Abulocetus
Rodhocetus
Basilsaurus
Discuss how peppered moths and Galápagos finches are used as evidence for evolution. Do they show changes over a long or short period of time?
Peppered moths lived in Enlgland in the early 1800's. Most were light colored. As air pollution killed the lichen on tree trunks, the trees got darker. Now, the darker peppered moths were favored. Evidence of beneficiial genetic mutation and natural selection.
On the Galápagos islands, the surviving finches had slightly deeper and longer beaks than before the drought so that they could eat the tougher plants.
Both show changes over a short period of time.