Aristotle on the Soul
This is the non-rational part of the soul responsible for nourishing and growth
Nutrative
This is how the moral virtues (and vices) are acquired
(Guided) habituation
This is the virtue that correlates to the calculative or deliberative part of the soul
Practical wisdom
This is the difference between knowledge of causes and knowledge of things/facts
Knowledge of causes is knowing why or how something works, and knowledge of things/facts is surface-level knowledge
This is why Aristotle thinks external goods are necessary for happiness
Because you need them to exercise some of the virtues
This is the (kinda) non-rational part of the soul responsible for desires and emotions
Appetitve
The proper disposition of the virtue is found in the ______, between the vice of ______ and the vice of ______.
Mean, excess, deficiency
This is the virtue that correlates to the scientific or theoretical part of the soul
Wisdom
Knowledge of this is wisdom
1st causes
Growth & nutrition and perception are not “peculiar” to humans because of this.
They are not characteristic of and essential to
This is the rational part of the soul responsible for “variable things”
Calculative/deliberative
This is the moral virtue related to using money, and its related vices
Liberality/generosity, prodigality in excess, stinginess in deficit
This type of reasoning is indicative of practical wisdom
Means-ends reasoning
1st causes are this
Divine/God
Like an archer who doesn’t know their target, this is why it is important to know what the final good is
Because you are more likely to reach the final good if you know what it is
This is the rational part of the soul responsible for “invariable things”
Scientific/theoretical
This is the moral virtue related to fear and confidence, and its related vices
Courage, cowardice in excess, rash/recklessness in deficit
This is the intellectual virtue that the appetitive part of the soul (or the moral virtues) is controlled by
Practical wisdom
Wisdom is the mark of the ______ life, and practical wisdom is the mark of the ______ life.
Contemplative, political
Provide the conclusion for this argument:
1) A good X is one that performs its function well.
2) A function is performed well when it is performed with virtue.
3) The human function is rational activity.
4) A good human being/happiness is rational activity in accordance with virtue
This is the non-rational part of the soul that can be controlled by the rational part of the soul and is governed by the moral virtues.
Appetitive
This is how the moral virtues are related to pleasure
Virtuous action → virtues become habits → virtues become more pleasurable/less painful (because they have become habits) → more likely to do virtuous actions…
It’s a self-reinforcing cycle
The best virtue is concerned with the best things. Wisdom is concerned with ______ things, which is better than practical wisdom, which is concerned with ______ things.
Divine, human
The best part of us is the part shared with God, thus the contemplative life is better because…
God doesn’t have a body, and thus we share only wisdom/thinking with him
Rational activity requires the knowledge of this.
Concepts