Early Astronomy
First Greek philosopher who predicted an eclipse
Thales
Earth at the center; planets revolve around it in circles
Geocentric Model/Ptolemaic Model
This scientist discovered 3 Laws of Planetary Motion
Johannes Kepler
Galileo made advancements in this device which allowed for his astronomic observations
Telescope
Time from noon to noon; averages 24 hours
Mean Solar Day
Argued Earth was round like a cylinder because stars revolve around the North Star
Anaximander of Miletus
Minor revolutions of planets while orbiting Earth; explained retrograde motion
Epicycle
This scienist wrote the Almagest, the greatest ancient astronomical treatise
Ptolemy
Venus has these (like the Moon), implying it revolves around the Sun
Phases
Time for one rotation with respect to a distant star (~23h 56m)
Sidereal Day
Argued Earth was round like a sphere because lunar eclipse shadow is circular
Aristotle
First proposed by Aristarchus; Earth and planets revolve around the Sun
Heliocentric Model
Sir Isaac Newton
Established classical mechanics and proposed Law of Universal Gravitation
Galileo observed this planet has moons
Jupiter
Point in Earth’s orbit closest to the Sun
Perihelion
Provided first accurate calculation of Earth’s circumference (24,428 mi) and created first projected world map
Eratosthenes
This scientist was the first to revive the heliocentric model of the universe
Nicolaus Copernicus
What is Kepler's first law?
Planets orbit in an ellipse
Galileo saw these two bodies have uneven surfaces
Sun, moon
Annual path of the Sun against the celestial sphere
Ecliptic
Created the first star catalog and calculated year length to within minutes of modern value
Hipparchus
This model argues the sun revolves around Earth, and the planets revolve around the sun
Geo-heliocentric Model
What is Kepler's 2nd Law?
Planets move slowly while far from Sun, quickly when close (equal areas)
Catholic Church condemned Galileo to live the last years of his life under house arrest for this reason
His support of the Copernican model of the universe
The earth stands between the moon and the sun
Lunar Eclipse