Row A
The cycle which defines a bird’s migration
What is the Annual Cycle
This is the amount of time in one 24 hour day to night cycle in which a bird is exposed to light
What is photoperiod
The timing of yearly ecological processes, spanning whole environments
What is phenology
This is the number one cause of bird mortality across the United States
What are cats
Statistical distribution of the ages of all individuals in a population
What is Age structure
The non-migratory movements of birds carried out on a daily basis
What are local movements
This ratio happens when multiple populations of breeding birds are connected by gene flow or dispersal
What is population connectivity
This style of annual movement involves birds that stay in one place year round
What is residence
This annual movement involves returning to the same spot every year on the same schedule
What is obligate migration
This migration style involves only a portion of a species moving each year
What is partial migration
This migration style involves moving from place to place with no distinctive yearly pattern
What is nomadic migration
These are the differences between migration and dispersal
What are direction paths (Migration is two way and Dispersal is one way)
The likelihood of an individual to return to a specific habitat yearly without having been born there
What is fidelity
This is the term for places where birds rest or shelter during their migration paths
What are stopover spots
The natal imprint on the environment in which baby birds were raised
What is the Natal Habitat Induction Hypothesis
Environmental factors which affect whole populations at once (i.e. hurricane) vs. those which affect only certain individuals
What are Density independent factors or Density dependent factors
A method for predicting the distribution of a species based on the present environmental conditions
What is Ecological Niche Modeling
As migratory connectivity _________, population connectivity __________ and vice versa.
What is increases, decreases
This pattern is when higher biodiversity reduces the transmission and prevalence of pathogens in a community
What is the Dilution Effect
A relationship from the total number of species consisting of the rate at which new species colonize and the rate at which existing populations become extinct
What is Theory of Island Biogeography
A group of species that use components of their habitat or resources in a similar way
What is Guild
A set of biotic and abiotic conditions that allow a species to occur
What is ecological Niche
Late acquisition of adult feathers (usually male) in birds that are otherwise sexually mature
What is delayed plumage maturation
This philosophy involves a bird deciding nesting, foraging, and resource gathering strategies based on whether conditions are favorable or not
What is Win→Stay→Lose→Switch
These are the 3 main diversities found in habitats and regions around the world
What is Alpha, Betta and Gamma Diversity