Connective Tissue
Viscoelasticity
Flexibility
Static vs Dynamic Stretching
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular
Facilitation (PNF)
Facilitation (PNF)
Soft Tissue Contractures
Scar Tissue
100
What is the purpose of collagen?
Collagen provides strength needed to withstand tension and force during a movement.
100
The relationship between stress and strain depend on what?
Their relationship depends on the magnitude of the stress and the rate of stress application.
When we apply stress on the body it undergoes strain.
100
Can flexibility be applied to all connective tissue?
Yes.
100
What type of stretch involves holding a muscle in a lengthened position for 15 - 60 sec?
Static stretch.
100
PNF increases ROM through the stimulation of what?
Proprioceptors:
(Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles)
100
Ballistic stretching would be appropriate for stretching a contracture.
FALSE! Ballistic stretching = okay for well-trained athletes before explosive sports, but unsafe and ineffective for contractures.
100
When stretching scar tissue and adhesions, what can you do beforehand to the involved area to improve treatment?
Preheat the involved area.
200
Which type of collagen is found in organs and helps with wound repair?
Type III Collagen
200
This term is used to describe the gradual increase in tissue length that occurs when maintaining a constant stress (or force)
The Creep Phenomenon.
200
A joint that is flexible might not be stable.
True!
200
Name 2 goals of static stretching.
-Prevent or minimize the risk of injury
-Improve movement
-Increase flexibility
-Prevent contracture
200
Which PNF stretch involves the muscle being passively stretched → then isotonically contracted against resistance → then relaxed and stretched further.
Contract-Relax
200
What is the best way to stretch a contracture?
Long-duration, low-load static stretching
200
An immature scar tissue can remodel or restructure in
response to what?
Stress or Immobilization
300
Which type of Collagen has thick fibers and is the most abundant in our bodies?
Type I Collagen.
300
The therapeutic limit for heat is...
Bonus: How do high temperatures affect creep?
45 degrees C or 113 degrees.
Bonus: High temperatures increase rate of creep.
300
Give an example of a flexibility test.
Sit-and-reach test
Seated hip external rotation test
Standing toe touch
Standing knee recurvatum assessment
300
Dynamic stretching movement without muscle contraction to increase or decrease the joint angle where the muscle crosses, thereby elongating the unit at the end of ROM.
False!
With dynamic stretching a muscular contraction is used to stretch a muscle.
300
Which PNF stretch involves a muscle being brought into a stretch → isometrically contracted (held) for ~6 seconds → then relaxed → passive stretch applied.
Hold Relax
300
Contractures involve what structures?
Name 3...
-Muscle
-Capsule
-Tendon
-Ligaments
-Bursa
-Skin
300
What become highly unorganized and randomly arranged as scar tissue forms?
Collagen Fibers.
400
Type II Collagen is considered the weakest because it has less tensile strength.
True!
400
Because all connective tissue exhibits viscoelasticity, the rate of a stretch effects the strain put on the body.
A slower rate of stretch causes what?
A faster rate of stretch causes what?
Slower rates of stretch cause Greater strain (elongation).
Faster rates of stretch cause Smaller elongation.
400
What sensory receptors are found throughout our muscle bellies that monitor muscle length and rate of change in the muscle?
Muscle spindles
400
What type of stretching involves jerking or bouncing movements at the end ROM to stretch the muscles?
Ballistic Stretching
400
Explain how you would perform contract relax with agonist contract.
Same as Contract-Relax, but after the target muscle relaxes, the opposing (agonist) muscle contracts to move into a deeper stretch.
400
What can cause a contracture?
-Prolonged immobilization
-Neurological conditions (spasticity, cerebral palsy, stroke)
-Burns and scarring
400
In 60 days a developing scar is how strong?
At 60 days a developing scar is at 70% strength.
-Immature scar tissue: fragile
-5 days: 10% strength
-60 days: 70% strength
-12 months: ~100% maximum strength
500
This term is used to describe protein present in tendons that provide elasticity and flexibility to tissues and organs, particularly the skin.
Elastin.
500
If a muscle is stretched and held in a static stretch, over time the tension in the muscle will gradually decline even though the muscle length is unchanged.
This is because of what characteristic of viscoelastic material?
Stress-relaxation (force-relaxation)
Timestamp:(00:55)
500
These sensory receptors are found near the aponeurosis of a tendon
and monitors muscle contraction.
Golgi tendon organs (GTOs)
500
Which type of stretching will help prevent contractures?
Static stretching
500
Contracting the quads during a hamstring stretch makes the hamstrings relax more. Why?
Reciprocal Inhibition
500
What are some techniques we can use to stretch a contracture?
Manual Stretching
- Often combined with PNF techniques
Prolonged Passive Stretch
- Use of splints, braces, or positioning devices to hold tissue at a lengthened state for hours.
Low-Load, Long-Duration Stretching
- Applying gentle, constant force (with weights or straps) for 20–60 minutes or longer.
500
Immature scar tissue is adaptable for up to __ weeks and
becomes less changeable up to __ weeks.
Immature scar tissue is adaptable for up to 8 weeks and
becomes less changeable up to 14 weeks.
Unadaptable or mature at 14 weeks.