General
Purpose of soft braces like knee, neck
What is kinesthetic reminder?
e.g. proper patellar tracking
What are swan neck and boutonniere?
They oppose deformity so swan neck DIP flexion PIP extension, MCP flexion- try to extend PIP etc
Use this type of AFO if there are skin issues/edema?
What is Metal or double uprights?
Technically not heavier because includes shoe but not drippy compared to others
Most Restrictive Cervical collar
What is Halo?
Restricts motions in all planes, use for unstable Fx like dens type 2 (Also can use Minnerva)
This can be done instead of a finger splint for many finger ligamentous or bony injuries
What is buddy tape?
This principle used in orthotics is what allows stable manipulation of a joint (hold in place)
What is 3-point pressure principle?
Need at least 3 points to control rotatory motion
This orthosis is useful to increase function of SCI patients with at least some C6 strength
What is tenodesis orthosis?
This type of AFO has the most ROM, and is useful in foot drop with no spasticity
What is posterior leaf spring?
Name 1 type of collar that can be used in stable cervical Fx (not soft collar)
What is philadelphia/Aspen or SOMI?
SOMI (Sterno-Occipital Mandibular Immobilizer) has extra bars more cumbersome
Use scoliosis brace until this time
What is skeletal maturity?
This is what a lumbar corset does
What is increase abdominal pressure to offload facet, disc/EP/disc joints?
All TLSOs do this
This is the position of a resting hand splint
What is intrinsic plus position? (slight wrist extension MCP flexion 70-90, thumb palmar abduction, IP extension)
Good for spasticity, burns
This channel is where you would place a pin to prevent dorsiflexion
What is anterior channel?
This brace is often used for Scoliosis
What is Milwaukee brace?
These are (at least 3) parts of a shoe (not laces)
What are toe cap, Vamp, hind quarters, sole, heel, tongue
2 hind quarters behind vamp and toe cap
Type of material used for custom molded orthotics
What is thermoplastics?
Suspect scaphoid fracture put patient in this type of splint and repeat xrays in 2 weeks if initial negative
What is spica splint?
AKA opponens
This is where you would place a spring to promote dorsiflexion
What is posterior channel?
Cobb angle at which you start bracing
What is 20 degrees?
Before that observe, at 40 consider surgery (35 if NM dz)
This HKAFO uses a cable system to simulate a normal gait pattern and requires some hip flexion
What is Reciprocal Gait orthosis? (RGO)
Can be seen w/ CP patients
This orthosis is used for ACL injuries to prevent rotation of knee and exacerbate injury
What is derotation orthosis? Lennox Hill
These are the deviations of the fingers and wrist in RA
What is finger ULNAR deviation and Wrist Radial deviation?
Use long opponens (spica) splint to help correct
This type of AFO is a good alternative to a KAFO for patients w/ Genu recurvatum
What is molded articulated AFO w/ plantarflexion stop at slight dorsiflexion?
Dorsiflexion produces knee flexion moment to prevent recurvatum. PLS will be too flimsy
This brace prevents flexion and is less cumbersome than Jewett brace
What is CASH?
Cruciform Anterior Spinal Hyperextension
Also have Taylor/Taylor-Knight brace- overalls straps to promote posture
This ligament helps prevent hyperextension at hip, and is allows usage of Scott Craig KAFO allowing paraplegic patients to stand upright
What is Iliofemoral ligament AKA Y ligament of Bigelow?
Knee is offset posteriorly to promote extension
Knee some Hip flexion or better