Process Timeline & Execution
According to the process timeline, what specific detail does the OS assign to a process during its initial "Creation" stage?
What is a Process ID (and initial memory/resources)?
What are the two items loaded into RAM by the OS during the memory allocation phase?
What are program code and data?
What do application programs turn user commands into (such as printing or rendering a page)?
What are program calls?
What four hardware resources does the OS log per process or user?
What are CPU, memory, disk, and network?
What four hardware resources does the OS log per process or user
What are CPU, memory, disk, and network?
During the scheduling stage, where does the OS place a newly created process before allocating CPU time using an algorithm?
What is the ready queue?
What does the OS enforce during memory protection to ensure one process cannot read or overwrite another process's space?
What is isolation (memory isolation)?
How does the slide describe the application's specific role relative to the user within the system environment?
What is the user's translator?
What happens if a system operates with "No Controls" or quotas when resource bursts occur?
What is starves other processes and causes system instability?
What happens if a system operates with "No Controls" or quotas when resource bursts occur?
What is starves other processes and causes system instability?
What exact timeframe does the OS take to save a running state and load a new process state during a context switch?
What is microseconds?
When RAM is insufficient, what specific data units does virtual memory hold on disk to swap in and out?
What are inactive pages?
Name two of the low-level operations that the OS maps program calls onto?
What are drivers, scheduling, or I/O?
What specific tools provided by resource accounting aid in auditing and performance tuning?
What are reports and dashboards?
What specific tools provided by resource accounting aid in auditing and performance tuning?
What are reports and dashboards?
What specific condition causes a process to transition into the "Blocking" state on the process timeline?
What is waiting for I/O or a resource?
According to the memory optimization stage, which pages does the OS prioritize keeping in physical RAM?
What are active pages (to minimize thrashing)?
What two key system duties does the OS perform while sitting between applications and devices?
What are enforcing rules and coordinating resources?
Why is abuse harder to detect in a system operating without resource tracking controls?
Because data for tuning is sparse and issues aren't noticed until it's too late.
Why is abuse harder to detect in a system operating without resource tracking controls?
Because data for tuning is sparse and issues aren't noticed until it's too late.
What two specific actions does the OS take during the final "Termination" stage of a process?
What are reclaiming memory/resources and ending the process?
What exact system performance issue does proper page prioritization in memory management aim to minimize?
What is thrashing?
According to the architectural layer slide, what fundamental statement is made about the relationship between layers?
What is "each layer has a distinct, dependent role"?
What three security mechanisms are explicitly named on the file systems slide to protect system resources?
What are authentication, permissions, and encryption?
Resource accounting keeps system usage three specific things—what are those three words?
What are fair, monitored, and optimizable?