Category 1
When plates separate or pull away from one another.
What is diverging?
When plates grind sideways past each other in opposite or different directions.
What is transforming?
The layer of the Earth we walk on.
What is the crust?
When plates collide or crash into one another.
What is converging?
Loose, broken-down pieces of rock, minerals, and organic material that collect on Earth's surface or ocean floors over time.
What are sediments?
Narrow cracks or openings in Earth's crust through which magma, steam, or gases can escape to the surface.
What are fissures?
A dense but thin tectonic plate that forms the floor beneath Earth's oceans.
What is the oceanic plate?
The dense layer of rock that lies beneath the crust.
What is the bedrock?
This is what happens when a denser oceanic plate collides with a less dense continental plate and slides downward into the Earth beneath it.
What is subduction?
The preserved remains, imprints, or traces of ancient organisms found inside rock strata.
What are fossils?
Continuous waves that change smoothly over time. Examples are radio waves, traditional telephones, and human voices.
What are analog signals?
Discontinuous wave pulses encoded as binary values. Examples are cell phones and text messages.
What are digital signals?
A thicker but less dense tectonic plate that forms Earth's large landmasses and continents.
What is a continential plate?
The point on Earth's surface directly above where an earthquake originates.
What is epicenter?
Stacked layers of sedimentary rock that build up over time, providing a record of Earth's past geological history.
What are rock strata?
A relationship where two events happen at the same time but one does not cause the other.
What is a correlation?
When earth materials like soil and sediment are worn away and transported from one location on the Earth's crust to another.
What is erosion?
Land-based sensors that record the location, magnitude, and depth of earthquakes.
What is a seismometer?
A relationship where one event causes a change in another.
What is a causation?
Fossils of plants or animals that lived for a brief period but over a wide geographic area.
What are index fossils?
A measurement of the amount of energy and destructive force of an earthquake.
What is magnitude?
When wind, water, ice, or gravity drop pieces of rock, soil, and organic matter in a new location and builds new layers of rock strata.
What is deposition?
The height of a wave that corresponds to wave height and energy. It's also one of the two measurements that determine a wave's magnitude.
What is amplitude?
A massive ocean wave or waves caused by a submarine earthquakes.
What is a tsunami?
A shallow, high magnitude earthquake under the ocean.
What kind of earthquake is likely to cause a tsunami?