Medicine
Procedure involving release of these muscles: flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti quinti, abductor hallucis. Usually done as an adjunct procedure surgical correction of the cavus foot. What is the sequence for hammertoe reduction?
Steindler Stripping
The calcaneal axis is displaced laterally relative to the anatomical axis of the tibia because of its stepped articulation with the talus by means of the sustentaculum tali. To visualize this relationship on X-ray, a long axial view radiograph can be obtained at 45 degrees inclined to the horizontal or at 20 degrees to the horizontal
Saltzman view
What is Vassal principle?
Not all fractures require rigid internal fixation, as long as the main fracture is stabilized, then the secondary fractures maintain themselves in the reduced position due to the presence of ligamentous & other soft tissue attachments
This type of plate does not require its intimate contact with the underlying bone in all areas. Thus, there is no need to compress the periosteum and bone into the plate as the screws utilized with not loosen.
locking plate
Also known as the "great mimicker" it manifests on X-ray as an acute painful osteopenia following minor trauma. Patients are typically over age 50 and of type A personality presenting with progressive onset of pain, stiffness, swelling and atrophy distal to the site of injury over a 3-6 month period.
Complex regional pain syndrome
Thickening of fascial bands about the base of the proximal phalanges of the digits, causing a constriction of the underlying tissues that is visible on x-ray. This constriction leads to auto-amputation and although easily diagnosed in X-ray there is no treatment for this disorder.
Ainhum's disease
What is the treatment for malignant hypothermia?
Dantrolene
Patient presents with a chronic peroneus longus tendon rupture resulting in his foot being in a dorsiflexed and inverted position. As treatment, lateral transfer of this tendon to the cuneiforms is then performed.
anterior tibial tendon
When considering muscle flaps, this particular muscle is unique due to its pattern of vascularity consisting of a constant proximal perforator branch within 2-4 cm of its origin, which is the main pedicle of the proximally based flap. Another constant perforator to this muscle lies 6-8 cm from the lateral malleolus.
Peroneus Brevis
Lack of calcium in osteoid matrix laid down by osteoblasts leading to improper bone mineralization. Symptoms include muscle weakness, bone pain on palpation and bone deformity. X-ray shows osteoid seams, lines of unmineralized bone appearing as pseudo-fractures, thin cortex (endosteal blurring).
Osteomalacia
A 36-year-old female has a history of recurrent masses in the medial longitudinal arch of the right foot. What is the most likely primary lesion of the foot causing metastasis to the lung? A. melanoma. B. rhabdomyosarcoma. C. fibrosarcoma. D. neurofibromatosis.
fibrosarcoma
According to Mathes & Nahai classification, this is a type II muscle flap receiving its arterial blood supply from the extra-muscular branches of the popliteal, posterior tibial and peroneal arteries. The advantage of using this muscle to cover defects in the middle and distal third of the lower leg is being able of using half of the muscle and thus, preserve partial function of the muscle.
Soleus Muscle
Phase of fracture repair characterized by periosteum and haversian system damaged bleeding to form a hematoma. Osteocytes die from ischemia creating necrotic tissue that induces vasodilation, edema and macrophage attraction.
Inflammatory phase
1st bone to ossify before birth:
Last bone to ossify before birth:
calcaneus
cuboid
Describe the ASA Classification
1: Normal patient 2: Mild systemic disease 3: Severe systemic disease 4: incapacitating /life threatening 5: Fatal
A 30-year-old male, who had a resection of a calcaneonavicular bar at age 11, exhibits fixed valgus deformity of his foot. Radiographs demonstrate the recurrence of a calcaneonavicular coalition with subtalar joint degeneration and talar beaking. What is the appropriate surgical treatment? A. resection of coalition with interposition of extensor digitorum brevis muscle. B. subtalar joint arthrodesis. C. resection of coalition with subtalar arthroereisis. D. triple arthrodesis.
triple arthrodesis
Form of neuropathic joint disease affecting the large weight bearing joints and characterized by the six D's: joint Distention, Density increase, Debris production, Dislocation, Disorganization and Destruction.
Hypertrophic Form of the Charcot Foot