This is the movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
What is osmosis?
100
This is an example of a solute that I discussed in class.
What is sodium chloride (NaCl, table salt), potassium chloride (KCl), or urea.
100
This is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of those molecules to an area of low concentration of those molecules.
What is diffusion
200
This is the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration of those molecules to an area of high concentration of those molecules, and it needs energy to do this.
What is active transport
200
This is a solution that has a high concentration of solutes, compared with a solution on the other side of a membrane.
What is a hypertonic solution?
200
This is a solution that has a low solute concentration, compared with the solute concentration of the fluid on the other side of a membrane.
What is a hypotonic solution?
300
This is a name we give sessile aquatic invertebrates, such as tubeworms and tunicates, in relation to their inability to regulate their salt-water concentration. These animals are isotonic to their environment.
What is osmoconformer?
300
This is a name we give mobile aquatic animals like fish and other migratory vertebrates, in relation to their ability to regulate their salt-water concentration. Their body fluids will either be hypotonic or hypertonic to the outside environment.
What is osmoregulator?
300
This is the biggest challenge to terrestrial animals (both invertebrate and vertebrate animals), in terms of osmoregulation.
What is dehydration (or water loss)?
400
These animals have a series of tubes called nephrostomes that contain flame cells that function as excretory organs by drawing in excretory fluids from the body cavity when of cilia inside the flame cells moves.
What are flatworms (or Platyhelminthes)?
400
These animals use malpighian tubules as an excretory organ, and these tubules function by using solutes to move water into or out of the tubules.
What are insects?
400
This is the term for the process by which the nephron of the mammalian kidney extracts fluid from the circulatory system when water and small molecules are squeezed through the capillary walls and into the Bowman's capsule.
What is filtration.
500
This is the cluster of capillaries inside the Bowman's capsule of the mammalian kidney nephron.
What is glomerulus?
500
This is the general term for the process by which a high solute concentration outside the tubules of nephron draw water brought back into the the tubules, conserving water.
What is reabsorption?
500
These are the filtering units of the mammalian kidney.