Cells
This organelle produces ATP.
What is mitochondria?
This molecule carries genetic instructions for building proteins.
What is DNA?
This scientist developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Who is Charles Darwin?
This term refers to the max population that an environment can sustain due to resources and space.
What is carrying capacity?
Misconception: All bacteria are harmful.
Bacteria can protect organisms, help plants fix nitrogen, aid in digestion, etc.
A type of passive transport across the selectively permeable cell membrane.
What is simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or osmosis?
A heterozygous genotype consists of these two alleles.
What are dominant and recessive alleles?
These structures, like a whale's flipper and a human's arm, suggest a common ancestor.
What are homologous structures?
Two abiotic factors that affect populations + ecosystems.
What are weather, natural disasters, and pollution? (Sunlight, temperature, water, soil, air)
Misconception: Plants perform photosynthesis only.
Plants also perform cellular respiration to break down sugar and release ATP.
The process in cells that converts chemical energy into ATP.
What is cellular respiration?
The probability that offspring show the dominant trait when both parents are heterozygous.
What is 75%?
A hurricane wiping out most of a population of turtles, rapidly changing the allele frequencies, is an example of this mechanism of evolution.
What is genetic drift (bottleneck effect)?
This term describes a close relationship between two different species, such a mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism.
What is symbiosis?
Misconception: Dominant traits are always more common.
Not always - allele frequency depends on natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, etc.
This macromolecule is responsible for speeding up chemical reactions in the body.
What are enzymes (proteins)?
This process creates cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
What is meiosis?
This term describes when two species evolve in response to each other, such as a predator and a prey.
What is coevolution?
The impact of biodiversity loss.
What are losing natural resources (plants and animals) and health concerns (pollution of air, water, food)?
Misconception: Carrying capacity never changes.
Carrying capacity can increase or decrease based on available space and resources.
The three stages of cellular respiration and the two stages of fermentation.
(Bonus high five for knowing which require oxygen)
What are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain? What are glycolysis and fermentation?
Require oxygen: Krebs + ETC
The steps that cause a mutation in a gene to lead to a non-functional protein.
1. Change in DNA sequence
2. Change in RNA sequence
3. Change in amino acid sequence
4. Altered protein
The process of reproductive isolation leading to speciation.
1. Separation of populations (geographically or behaviorally)
2. Prevents inbreeding
3. Formation of new species
Only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem due to this.
What is energy loss due to biological functions (heat, growth, reproduction, etc)?
Misconception: Variation in species is only a result of selective pressures.
Variation can also arise from mutations.