Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
Hip Fractures
Hip Fractures
100
What is modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis that causes CA deficiency?
High intake of diet soda depletes CA stores. Phosphate and carbonation releases CA from the bones
100
Modifiable Risk factors for Osteoporosis
What is Menopause and decreased estrogen levels (estrogen replacement), CA Deficiency, Acidosis (high protein diets) -> CA w/drawal from the bone and stimulation of osteoclast function, Sedentary lifestyle -> walking causes increase in in bone metabolism, medications interfere with bone absorption (anticonvulsants, antacids, prolonged heparin therapy, glucocorticoid, Lifestyle issues (smoking, excess ETOH, excess caffeine
100
Age you should begin screening for Osteoporosis
What is 60, but age 40 is ideal?
100
What is a sign of a leg/hip fracture?
What is a shorter leg?
100
How should you take Vitamin D and why?
What is should take it with CA because it helps the absorption of the CA?
200
The risk for developing osteoporosis depends on how much bone mass is achieved between ages ______ and _____ year of age and afterwards on much is lost.
What is The risk for developing osteoporosis depends on how much bone mass is achieved between ages _25__ and _35_ year of age and afterwards on much is lost.
200
This can be harmful to the bones if it is done in excess.
What is exercise?
200
Why is Osteoporosis called the silent disease?
What is it is almost impossible to tell if you have adequate bone mass because the physical manifestations of osteoporosis are not evident in the early stages.
200
A fracture of the proximal third of the femur, which extends up to 5cm below the lesser trochanter.
What is a hip fracture?
200
Two types of hip fractures
What is a Intracapsular fracture that occurs within the hip joint capsule? What is a Extracapsular fracture that occurs outside the joint capsule?
300
Family history of Osteoporosis, you are ____% more likely to get it.
What is 70%?
300
Physical attributes of osteoporosis
What is loss of height (collapse of vertebral bodies), progressive curvature of the spine (Dowager's hump, Dorsal Kyphosis, Cervical Lordosis), low back pain, fractures of the forearm, spine and hip, respiratory problems (in some cases)
300
What are the drawbacks of bisphosphonates?
What is the drawback that patients forget to take it and become non-compliant because they are usually taken once a month or once a year?
300
In order to take this medication the patient needs to be sitting in an upright position for 30 minutes, take with a large glass of water on an empty stomach.
What is Fossamax (bisphosphonates)?
400
Most reliable diagnostic test for Osteoporosis?
What is DEXA? DEXA - Measures bone mineral density in spine hips and forearm. (spine and long bones) If you result a T score of at least a -2.5 it is indicative of osteoporosis. If -1 to -2.5 rate you fall in risk and need to change. If -1 or higher then you have normal bone density.
400
Additional Diagnostic tests for Osteoporosis
What is X-rays - Detect osteoporosis after 40% CA loss in bones. Look for labs for Parathyroid issues QUS Ultrasound of heel can assess risk of fractures
400
How much CA should a women going through menopause take?
What is 1500mg?
400
Risk factors for fractures
What is Osteoporosis, Advanced age (dementia, visual impairment, sundowning, frequent urination), Osteoarthritis, steroid use (weakens bones), Nutritional deficit(decreased CA ions and Vitamin D), Previous Chemotherapy, Gender (3:1 females live longer)
400
NSAIDS - help with pain Moderate exercise 3-4X per week to increase muscle and bone Draw CA levels
What are ways to prevent hip fractures?
500
Osteoporosis is a _______disease of progressive bone loss
What is chronic?
500
Unmodifiable Risk factors for Osteoporosis
What is Family Hx, age, ethnicity (European Americans and Asians are highest risk, African Americans have greater bone density (stronger), Female athletes (decrease in body fat and increase in eating disorders), Chronic disease (endocrine), Low bone mass
500
How much exercise should a person get to aid in changing their risk factors for getting Osteoporosis?
What is at least 20 minutes a day three times a week?
500
one of the most common orthopedic mechanisms by which pull is exerted on the lower extremity with a system of ropes, weights, and pulleys. ______ traction, which may be unilateral or bilateral, is used to immobilize, position, and align the lower extremity in the treatment of contractures and diseases of the hip and knee. The mechanism commonly consists of a metal bar extending from a frame at the foot of the patient's bed, supporting traction weights connected by a rope passing through a pulley to a cast or a splint around the affected body structure
What is Buck's Traction?
500
_________ traction is performed when more pulling force is needed than can be withstood by skin traction; or when the part of the body needing traction is positioned so that skin traction is impossible. _________ traction uses weights of 25-40 pounds. This traction requires the placement of tongs, pins, or screws into the bone so that the weight is applied directly to the bone. This is an invasive procedure that is done in an operating room under general, regional, or local anesthesia. Correct placement of the pins is essential to the success of the traction. The pin can be kept in place several months, and must be kept clean to prevent infection.
What is Skeletal traction?
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