Prophets and related
Narrative prophet sent to preach repentance to Nineveh; tries to flee and is swallowed by a great fish. Ancient Jewish and Christian tradition is unanimous in regarding the book as a historical narrative of miraculous events
Jonah
Fall of the Northern Kingdom (Israel) to Assyria. (2 Kings 17:6–41)
722 BC
“God with us.” Isa 7:10–16
Emmanuel (Heb. Immanuel)
Study of the last things or God’s final acts in history. A new era or state of reality.
Eschatology/Eschaton
[______] is the careful study of the scriptures, concentrating all one’s powers on it
Lectio (read)
Post-exilic prophet urging the rebuilding of the Temple (520 BC).
Eighth-century Judean prophet who preached justice, warned of judgment, and promised a messianic ruler from Bethlehem.
Haggai
Micah
The period (c. 1000–922 BC) when Israel was one kingdom under Saul, David, and Solomon.
United Monarchy
Persian king who conquered Babylon (539 BC). Issued edict allowing Jews to return and rebuild the Temple in fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy centuries earlier. Isaiah 44:28: "who says of _____, ‘He is my shepherd, and he shall carry out all my purpose’; and who says of Jerusalem, ‘It shall be rebuilt,’ and of the temple, ‘Your foundation shall be laid.’”
Cyrus
The name “________ __ ____” occurs in many passages expressing exultation and joy (Isa 16:1, 52:2, 62:11; Jer 6:2; Mic 4:13; Zeph 3:14; Zech 2:10; Lam 4:22). It also occurs in passages foretelling or lamenting the destruction of the city (Lam 1:6, 2:1, 2:13; Isa 1:8, 10:32; Mic 1:13, 4:10; Jer 6:23). In both uses, the term expresses the Lord’s tender affection for the city, whether in joy or in sorrow. (Hahn, CBD, 979)
Daughter (of) Zion
[_________] is the busy application of the mind to seek with the help of one’s own reason for knowledge of hidden truth
Meditatio (reflect)
Promise of a New Covenant written on the heart; restoration of Israel.
After Solomon (922 BC), Israel split into Israel (North) and Judah (South). All because Solomon disobeyed (Deut 17:15a, 16a, 17, ESV-CE) and incurred the curses by having 1) Many Horses (Power), 2) Many Wives (Pleasure), and 3) Excessive Silver and Gold (Possessions) and had done idolatry and child murder (1 Kgs 10:14-11:16)
Divided Kingdom
King of Babylon (605–562 BC) who destroyed Jerusalem.
Nebuchadnezzar
A poetic personification of the city of Jerusalem, perhaps better translated as “Daughter Zion.” The name is used more than twenty-five times in the Old Testament; it accounts for over one-quarter of the descriptions of Jerusalem in the OT.
(Mount) Zion
prayer [______] is the heart’s devoted turning to god to drive away evil and obtain what is good
[____________] is when the mind is in some sort lifted up to God and held above itself, so that it tastes the joys of everlasting sweetness
Oratio (relate)
Contemplatio (rest)
Prophecy of a Davidic shoot bringing justice, peace, and a restored creation where the wolf lies with the lamb. The Shoot from the Stump of Jesse, the Gifts of the Holy Spirit, and the Eschatological Ingathering of the Nations
Figure in Isaiah 52–53 who bears others’ sins and is vindicated by God. The Messiah’s characteristics are revealed above all in the “Servant songs.” These songs proclaim the meaning of Jesus’ Passion and show how he will pour out the Holy Spirit to give life to the many: not as an outsider, but by embracing our “form as slave.” [Phil 2:7] Taking our death upon himself, he can communicate to us his own Spirit of life.
Isaiah 11
Suffering Servant
Hellenistic dynasty ruling Syria and parts of Israel after Alexander (312–63 BC).
Jewish ruling family descended from the Maccabees (164–63 BC). Period of Jewish independence before Roman rule. (Greek Asamōnaios) The name of a family of high priests and kings who ruled Judea from around 135 to 63 B.C.; the family also wielded great influence in Judea from 165 until 37 B.C. The name of the Hasmoneans was derived from Asamonaeos, the father of Mattathias (according to Josephus, Ant. 12.263), although it does not appear in the books of the Maccabees.
Seleucid
Hasmonaean Dynasty
King of Tyre who cooperated in the building of the Temple on Mount moriah (2 Chron 5:1–7:22; 1 Kgs 5:1–6:38)
Hiram
Judith’s home city, cannot be located historically and geographically. Some have suggested that the name is a corruption of “Bethel”, a well-known Judean city, or else a cryptic reference to Jerusalem itself. The Hebrew word ________ means “virgin”; “________” may be a geographical form of this root (like “Virginia”) meaning “Virgin of YHWH”. If this is correct, then ________ may represent an ideal Judean city, a “virgin daughter of Zion”, whose virginity represents purity in her devotion to the Lord.
Bethulia
Ancient Jewish manuscripts (2nd c. BC–1st c. AD) found at Qumran. Oldest biblical texts; revolutionized understanding of Second Temple Judaism. The name given to deposits of ancient texts written in Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek, on papyrus or leather, that since 1947 have been discovered near the W shore of the ____ ___. This label is used in both a narrow and a broad sense. The narrow definition is restricted to the manuscripts (approximately 981 individual texts/15,000 scrolls) found in 11 caves in the vicinity of Khirbet Qumran. The broad usage includes documents found at Masada, Wādı̂ Murabbaʿat, Naḥal Ḥever, Naḥal Ṣeʾelim, and Naḥal Mishmar.
Dead Sea Scrolls
The vision of four beasts and the Son of Man receiving everlasting dominion.
Uncut Stone: Kingdom of God
Daniel 7
First Babylonian deportation under Nebuchadnezzar (Daniel exiled). “Nebuchadnezzar the Great of Babylon establishes hegemony over the Levant and reduces Judah to a vassal state. Some Jerusalem aristocracy are taken as hostages into exile (Dan 1:1–7).”
Judah revolts; Nebuchadnezzar conquers Jerusalem for the first time and exiles the middle and upper classes of Judean society (2 Kings 24:10–17). Ezekiel is one of these exiles (cf. Ezek 1:1–3). Also Jehoiachim.
Judah revolts again; Babylon captures Jerusalem a second time, exiles the remaining populace, and razes Jerusalem and the Temple (2 Kings 25:1–26).
605 BC
597 BC
587/6 BC
______ was a significant city in the Bible, located northwest of Jerusalem, notable for the __________' deception (pretending to be from a distant land - Josh 9) which led to a treaty: lives spared but reduced to "hewers of wood and drawers of water" for the Israelites. It was also the site of the battle where God made the sun stand still, a key event during the Israelite conquest of Canaan. Later, it was where King Solomon prayed for wisdom after the tabernacle and altar were kept there (2 Chron 1:1–6).
Gibeon
The second line repeats the idea of the first line using different words but the same meaning. Reinforces or intensifies the thought, e.g, “Lord, hear my prayer; give ear to my supplication.”
The second line contrasts with the first line, often using “but.” Highlights a moral or theological contrast, e.g., “The righteous flourish like a palm tree, but the wicked are like chaff which the wind drives away.”
The second line does not repeat or contrast, but develops, clarifies, or completes the first idea, e.g., “Commit your way to the Lord, - and he will act.”
synonymous parallelism
antithetical parallelism
synthetic/progressive parallelism
Settlement near the Dead Sea associated with a Jewish sect (the Essenes). Site where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found. The site of an ancient settlement in Palestine near the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea that became associated with the community that produced the Dead Sea Scrolls discovered in 1947.
Qumran