1700-1899
Was a physician and also a philosopher who was known for being an influence to the philosophy of OT in the seventeenth century.
John locke
Recovered from tuberculosis and paralysis, then studied nursing. Opened consolation house to apply work cure therapy. Developed a profession of caregivers dedicated to the use of occupations in therapy. 1917- Created the society for promotion of OT with Susan Tracy and William Rush Dunton Jr.
*Introduced the notion of re-education after injury
George Edward Barton.
● Known as “father of OT”
● First President of the National Society for the
Promotion of Occupational Therapy (now known as
the American Occupational Therapy Association)
● Healed patients through purposeful activities (used quilt making and hooked rugs)
● Began a column entitled “Occupations and
Amusements”in 1913
● First Editor of Archives of Occupational Therapy
● Wrote over 100 books and articles related to OT
William Rush Dunton JR.
Together they expanded neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) to use in normal play environments and natural contacts to encourage neurological development. Their work encouraged study of sensory links to motor output. They created the Bobath concept which is a problem solving approach used in the evaluation and treatment of individuals with movement disorders due to a lesion in the CNS.
Karel and Berta Bobath.
Played a major role in creating the theoretical framework known as the “occupational behavior” frame of reference. Emphasized the development of work skills and the societal importance of productive occupations. her “occupational behavior” later influenced the creation of the MOHO.
Mary Reilly.
a French physician, philosopher, and scholar. In 1793 he began an approach called “Moral Treatment and Occupation.” did not believe in physical abuse of the mentally ill, instead he believed and promoted kindness and patience, along with recreation, therapeutic activities, and pleasant conversation
*known for being in charge of the removal of chains of some inmates there. A lot of his actions led to the foundation of the moral treatment era.
Philippe Pinel.
Trained Nurse who was hired to develop an active approach for treating patients. Wrote the first book on therapeutic use of occupations referred to as the "work cure approach" called studies in invalid occupation. Created the first course on occupations for patients in a general hospital setting.
Susan E. Tracey.
*Was an advocate for the profession and believed that engagement in occupations could be beneficial for motivation and self confidence.
*Perceived that those trying to recover from any injury or illness needed to stay active; forced idleness would have a detrimental effect on health.
*Believed that optimism could be achieved in patients by helping them reorganize their daily habits.
*Came up with the theory of psychobiology→ stated that mental illness could stem from a dysfunctional personality
*Published“ThePhilosophyofOccupationalTherapy”in which he described how occupational therapy is greatly influenced by philosophy.
Adolph meyer
She was an army occupational therapist. She helped create OT educational programs for those preparing to serve in the military. She was the first member of the U.S Army Medical Specialist Corps to be prompted to be full colonel. She served as the president of AOTA. She advocated for education for occupational therapy assistants.
Col. Ruth A. Robinson.
Advocate for OT. Became president of the AOTF in 1972 and served up until 1982. Created the professions first research journal known as The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research (OTJR).
Wilma West.
A Reformist and philanthropist who was recognized for his work in the field of mental health. In 1796 he opened England's first facility to house and treat those who were deemed mentally ill/insane in humane way. This was called the York Retreat. Was also responsible for using Moral Treatment as his model of care.
William Tuke.
“Father of OT”
● Psychiatrist
● Taught his own course on occupations and layer wrote his own book on OT.
● Advocate and leader in development of OT
William Rush Dunton JR.
Served as president of the AOTAfor two terms (1923-1928).
● As a vocational expert, Kinder planned facilities that would give space for occupational therapists to practice.
● Believed in individualized treatment.
● Helped in aligning occupational therapy to medicine throughout his position as an architect of rehabilitation facilities and curative workshops.
● Was an advocate for occupational therapy in
tuberculosis hospitals→ advocacy led to many occupational therapists gaining positions in these hospitals and providing long term care.
Thomas B kidner.
She was an occupational therapist and was credited one of the earliest theorists on motor control. She focused on the importance of reflexes in early development and inhibition techniques. She emphasized the scientific approach to treatment. She organized and directed occupational therapy program and joined the first OT masters program.
Margaret Rood.
Introduced therapy for those with neurological impairments. More specifically those who struggle with sensory processing. Through research she developed many tools for practice. Her sensory processing assessments became known as the sensory integration theory and praxis tests
A. Jean Ayres.
A psychiatrist born in Switzerland. From 1927-1928 was president of the American Psychiatric Association and also one of the earliest psychiatrists to support the profession of Occupational Therapy. Focused strongly on collecting case history, now known as occupational history, of his patients to best benefit them. In this process he made important connections between his patients favorable activities and their mental health while also organizing community-based activities/services to improve these individuals everyday living skills.
Adolph meyer
Adopted a work-based approach for treating a functional nervous disorder. Believed the "rest cure" was wrong treatment for this disorder and then created the "work cure". The new "work cure" approach became a suitable response to calls for improved mental health care.
Herbert J. Hall.
An MD who believed that OT was simply a special application of PT and that the 2 disciplines should merge.
Frank H. Krusen.
Became one of the first to claim that participation in occupation can be used as a form of emotional expression. Her and her husband published a book promoting ego- theory and therapeutic use of self in practice. Also introduced the importance of group therapy.
Gail Fidler.
The founder of the Hull House, Chicago, IL. Was an educator who taught alongside Elizabeth Clark Slagle. During her time in the Hull House she was able to establish the school of occupational therapy that was recognized nationwide.
Jane Addams.
Became known as the “mother of occupational therapy” developed the curative occupations therapy program along with Adolf Meyer and collaborated with Dr. William Rush Dunton
Eleanor Clarke Slagle.
*Was an advocate for the profession and believed that engagement in occupations could be beneficial for motivation and self confidence.
*Perceived that those trying to recover from any injury or illness needed to stay active; forced idleness would have a detrimental effect on health.
*Believed that optimism could be achieved in patients by helping them reorganize their daily habits.
*Came up with the theory of psychobiology→ stated that mental illness could stem from a dysfunctional personality
Adolph Meyer.
1-Became the first person of color to be awarded the Eleanor Clarke Slagle lecture. Presented a theory in occupational therapy regarding development and how it influences physical, psychosocial, neurophysiological, and psychodynamic aspects of development.
2- Developed theoretically based guidelines for practicing occupational therapy
1-Lela A. Llorens.
2-Ann Mosey.