All Natural
This product comes from an evergreen bush native to North America and is used to prevent UTIs
cranberry
This 1951 amendment to the Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics Act created the formal legal distinction between OTC and prescription (legend) drugs
Durham-Humphrey Amendment
Although approved for self-treatment of ingested poisons, this product is rarely found in homes and is not routinely recommended for home use by poison control centers. It can cause black stools and vomiting and its home administration should never include more than 1 dose
activated charcoal
Available under the brand name Tums, this antacid helps relieve heartburn and indigestion (what is the active ingredient)?
calcium carbonate
Available for children who cannot swallow pills, OTC ibuprofen chewable tablets come in this specific milligram strength
100 mg
acetaminophen/Tylenol chewable tablets are 160 mg each
This herb contains multiple components, including monocolin K, the natural analogue of Lovastatin, a natural HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)
red yeast rice
Under the Poison Prevention Packaging Act, child-resistant containers must prevent this percentage of children under 5 from opening them (within 10 minutes) while allowing 90% of adults to open andproperly reseal them
80%
Every pharmacy student should have this number memorized: it connects callers nationwide to their local Poison Control Center 24 hours a day
1 (800) 222-1222
Saccharomyces boulardii, a probiotic, goes by this brand name
Florastor
State the dosing intervals for both acetaminophen and ibuprofen (how often can you take it? Give the range for both)
Acetaminophen: every 4-6 hours
Ibuprofen: every 6-8 hours
Many manufacturers are including this product in weight loss medications since the FDA ruled that ephedra be removed from dietary supplements. It may cause hypertension and risks of stroke or myocardial infarction
bitter orange
Spermicides containing this ingredient have the following required warning- "This product does not protect against HIV/AIDS or other STDs and may increase the risk of getting HIV from an infected partner"
*must spell it correctly for points!! :)
nonoxynol-9
Now standardized to a single concentration of 160 mg/5 mL across all pediatric liquid formulations (infant's and children's), this OTC analgesic remains a major cause of poisoning from both unintentional and intentional misuse
acetaminophen/Tylenol
This antioxidant, sold under brand name Tebonin, is used for Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, intermittent claudication, tinnitus, memory, and age-related macular degeneration
gingko biloba
A mother presents with chewable acetaminophen tablets (scored down the middle). For a child whose calculated safe dose is 240 mg, how many tablets should you counsel her to give her child?
1.5 tablets
acetaminophen chewable tablets are 160 mg each (so 80 mg per 1/2 tablet). 160 x 1.5=240 mg
(ibuprofen tablets are 100 mg each)
A patient with preexisting hepatic impairment asks about natural products; name two popular OTC supplements they should strictly avoid due to known hepatotoxicity risks.
black kohosh
Kava
Chaparral, comfrey
Green tea extracts
While nearly all retail OTC medications require tamper-evident barriers, federal law exempts these four specific product categories. What are they?
dermatologic agents/skin products
dentrifice (toothpaste)
insulin
lozenges
Name 2 of the most reported OTC drug CATEGORIES for potentially toxic exposures
analgesics
dietary supplements
topical preparations
vitamins
antihistamines
Available under brand names such as Bugbane, Black Snake Root, Rattle Weed, Remifemin, and more, black cohosh belongs to what class due to its use of alleviating menopausal symptoms?
hormonal modulator
Using weight-based dosing and liquid concentration, find the MAXIMUM safe single dose (in mL) for a 44 lb child taking Children's ibuprofen.
10 mL
Ibuprofen is 5-10 mg/kg (only need to find the MAXIMUM so use 10 mg/kg)
Children's Ibuprofen concentration is 100 mg/5 mL
44 lb=20 kg
10 mg/kg (20 kg)=200 mg (5 mL/100 mg)=10 mL
While postpartum patients often take Fenugreek to stimulate lactation, pharmacists should screen for cross-sensitivity if the patient has a known allergy to this
chickpeas
Federal regulations mandate a standardized format for OTC labeling. List the 7 required Drug Facts sections in their exact top-to-bottom order
Active Ingredients, Purpose, Uses, Warnings, Directions, Inactive ingredients (alphabetical), Manufacturer's contact number
*questions section is OPTIONAL
When calling Poison Control regarding an exposure, they collect these 4 details about the toxin (must get 3/4 right for points)
name of the offending drug or other substance
dose
route of exposure
time since exposure
Available OTC without age or point-of-sale restrictions, this 1.5 mg levonorgestrel pill is sold under several brand names. Name 2 of them.
Plan B
My Way
Take Action
Aftera
My Choice
A mother comes into the pharmacy and needs help calculating how much liquid children's Tylenol to give her 23 lb child. Using weight-based dosing and the liquid concentration, find the minimum and maximum single dose she can give her child (so a range) in milliliters. Round both numbers to the nearest tenth
3.3 to 4.9 mL
Tylenol is 10-15 mg/kg
Children's Tylenol concentration is 160 mg/5 mL
23 lb=10.45454545 kg
10 mg/kg (10.45454545 kg)=104.5454545 mg (5 mL/160 mg)= 3.3 mL
15 mg/kg (10.45454545 kg)=156.8181818 mg (5 mL/160 mg)= 4.9 mL