Motor Learning & Neuro Principles
The OT and the patient have decided that the best way to learn to use a new powered wheelchair is to break the powered wheelchair skills into individual components (joystick control, speed adjustment, seating functions) and master each component separately before combining them into full device use. What type of practice method are they using?
A) Massed practice
B) Distributed practice
C) Part training
D) Blocked training
C - Part training
Quick stretch, tapping, and vibration described by Rood are all examples of:
A) Inhibitory techniques
B) Facilitatory techniques
C) Components of motor control
D) Reciprocal innervation
B) Facilitatory techniques
Under which aspect of the OTPF are visual functions (visual acuity and visual fields) categorized?
A) Client factors
B) Performance skills
C) Performance patterns
D) Contextual and environmental barriers
A) Client factors
Which setting does NOT formally use Section GG?
A) Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility
B) Skilled Nursing Facility
C) Acute care hospital
D) Home Health
C) Acute care hospital
Strokes involving the anterior circulation of the brain most often occur in the territory of the ______ artery.
A) Vertebral
B) Posterior cerebral
C) Anterior cerebral
D) Middle cerebral
D) Middle cerebral
Which cue is most likely to promote an external focus of attention during a functional reaching task in OT?
A) Straighten your elbow more
B) Lift your arm higher
C) Place the cup on the shelf next to the plate
D) Keep your shoulder steady
C) Place the cup on the shelf next to the plate
An OT is evaluating a 69-year-old male client who experienced a stroke 3 months ago. The OT documents that the client is exhibiting a Brunnstrom Stage IV related to his R UE. The reader can infer that the client's R UE presents in what way?
A) Flaccid tone with no voluntary or reflexive movement present
B) Significant decrease in spasticity with an ability to move in more complex, voluntary movement patterns
C) Full voluntary control of the R UE in a flexor synergy pattern
D) Spasticity is beginning to decrease with an ability to begin to start to move out of synergistic patterns
D) Spasticity is beginning to decrease with an ability to begin to start to move out of synergistic patterns
Why should an OTR begin a vision screening by assessing both eyes at once?
A) Assessing both eyes at the same time is necessary to allow the client to wear his or her prescription glasses
B) Occlusion is not a reliable means for identifying a visual problem
C) Occluding one eye may trigger the client to attempt to compensate for visual loss
D) Functional vision and occupational performance are performed with both eyes
D) Functional vision and occupational performance are performed with both eyes
Verbal cueing alone during a task limits the Section GG score to:
A) 06
B) 05
C) 04
D) 03
C) 04
Mrs. Leone presents with right-sided arm and face weakness, Broca's aphasia, and relatively preserved lower extremity strength. This presentation is MOST consistent with which stroke location?
A) Left MCA
B) Left ACA
C) Left PCA
D) Vertebrobasilar system
A) Left MCA
Why is the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (Borg RPE) particularly useful in neuro-rehab?
A) It replaces heart rate monitoring
B) It measures muscle strength and endurance
C) The Borg RPE is only used in neuro-rehab
D) Autonomic dysfunction or medications may alter physiological responses
D) Autonomic dysfunction or medications may alter physiological responses
Motor synergies most commonly occur following injury to which structure?
A) Cerebellum
B) Basal ganglia
C) Corticospinal tract
D) Peripheral nerves
C) Corticospinal tract
What are the foundational visual skill(s) outlined in Warren's hierarchy?
A) Figure ground perception and depth perception
B) Visual memory
C) Visual closure, form constancy, and spatial orientation
D) Oculomotor skills, visual fields, and visual acuity
D) Oculomotor skills, visual fields, and visual acuity
Supervision or touching assistance requires that the patient completes:
A) Less than 50% of the task
B) Exactly 50% of the task
C) 100% of the task effort
D) Only the final step of the task
C) 100% of the task effort
An OT observes coughing and wet vocal quality during a bedside meal assessment. What is the MOST appropriate next action?
A) Recommend thickened liquids immediately
B) Continue feeding to determine tolerance
C) Discontinue oral intake and notify the SLP
D) Begin oral-motor strengthening exercises
C) Discontinue oral intake and notify the SLP
Which of the following principles of experience-dependent neuroplasticity suggests that failure to drive brain functions leads to functional degradation?
A) Use it to improve it
B) Specificity
C) Use it or lose it
D) Salience matters
C) Use it or lose it
Which of the following motor control impairments is associated with damage to the cerebellum?
A) Intention tremor
B) Hyperreflexia
C) Bradykinesia
D) Chorea
A) Intention tremor
An OT notes that a client can feel light touch on the hand but is unable to identify objects placed in the hand without vision. Which sensory system is MOST likely impaired?
A) Exteroceptive sensation
B) Proprioceptive sensation
C) Pain awareness
D) Cortical sensory function
D) Cortical sensory function
Mary is a patient with PD, resulting in bradykinesia & impaired fine motor control. Mary is seated at the table for a meal. The OT opens all food containers & cuts the food into bite-sized pieces. Mary uses adaptive utensils to bring food/liquid to her mouth & swallows independently. No verbal cueing or physical assistance is provided once Mary begins eating. What is the correct Section GG score for Eating?
A) 06
B) 05
C) 04
D) 03
B) 05
A client with a recent stroke demonstrates the following during a mealtime assessment: mild labial weakness, reduced tongue coordination, lethargy requiring repeated cueing to remain alert, and intermittent pocketing of food. Which factor MOST significantly increases the client’s risk for aspiration?
A) Impaired arousal and attention
B) Mild labial weakness
C) Reduced tongue coordination
D) Oral residue in the lateral sulcus
A) Impaired arousal and attention
A client who is 8 weeks post-CVA demonstrates fair (3/5) voluntary wrist extension but struggles to consistently recruit and grade the contraction during grasp and release tasks. The therapist wants to improve the client's active motor control and awareness of muscle activation during task performance. Which intervention would be MOST appropriate to facilitate motor learning in this situation?
A) NMES applied to the wrist extensors during task performance
B) EMG biofeedback to provide visual/auditory feedback during active wrist extension attempts
C) PROM with prolonged stretch to the wrist extensors
D) Continuous splinting to maintain wrist extension positioning
B) EMG biofeedback to provide visual/auditory feedback during active wrist extension attempts
Which of the following assessments is specifically designed to evaluate motor recovery and motor impairment following stroke, including reflex activity, movement synergy, coordination, and speed?
A) Fugl-Meyer Assessment
B) Wolf Motor Function Test
C) Functional Reach Test
D) Berg Balance Scale
A) Fugl-Meyer Assessment
During an evaluation of your patient performing their morning self-care routine, you suspect that left spatial and body neglect are interfering with task performance. You would like to administer an objective measure to determine the extent of the neglect and its impact on function. Which of the following assessments would you use to assess your patient?
A) Executive Functions Performance Test
B) Catherine Bergego Scale
C) Kettle Test
D) Functional Independence Measure
B) Catherine Bergego Scale
Damien is a patient with a left hemispheric stroke resulting in R UE weakness & impaired fine motor coordination. Damien is completing UB dressing while seated EOB. The OT lays out a pullover shirt & right wrist brace on the bed. Damien independently dons the shirt using one-handed techniques. He is unable to fasten and properly secure the wrist brace due to impaired dexterity. The OT physically assists with fastening & positioning the wrist brace. What is the correct Section GG score for UB dressing?
A) 03
B) 04
C) 05
D) 06
A) 03
A patient presents following a CVA involving the left posterolateral thalamus. During sitting and standing tasks, the patient actively pushes toward one side and strongly resists passive correction to midline. In which direction is the patient most likely pushing?
A) Left
B) Right
B) Right