Occupations
Dressing, bathing, toileting, feeding, and personal hygiene are examples of this broad category of occupation.
What are activities of daily living (ADLs)?
According to the OTPF-4, context is divided into these two major categories.
What are environmental factors and personal factors?
The OTPF-4 identifies these four categories of performance patterns.
What are habits, routines, roles, and rituals?
During a grooming task, an OT observes how effectively a client reaches for the comb, grips it, and moves it through the hair. These observable actions belong to this category of performance skills.
What are motor skills?
Name two categories of Client Factors as defined in OTPF-4.
Values, beliefs, and spirituality; Body functions; Body structures
The OTPF-4 is organized into two major sections. One describes what occupational therapy addresses, while the other describes how occupational therapy services are delivered. Name the two sections.
What are Domain and Process?
Managing medications, monitoring symptoms, physical activity, and communicating with health care providers fall under this OTPF-4 occupation category.
What is health management?
An older adult can safely shower at the rehabilitation facility but has difficulty at home because the bathroom has a narrow doorway and no grab bars. These barriers represent this type of context.
What are environmental factors?
Every morning, a client automatically places their keys in the same bowl by the front door without consciously thinking about it. This performance pattern is a specific, relatively automatic behavior.
What is a habit?
While preparing a sandwich, a client retrieves all necessary ingredients but applies the steps in an illogical order and repeatedly returns to previously completed steps. The OT is primarily observing difficulty with this category of performance skills.
What are process skills?
During meal preparation, a client repeatedly forgets whether ingredients have already been added. The OT suspects an underlying client factor involving short-term and working memory. Within the OTPF-4, memory belongs to this category of client factors.
What are body functions? (Accept: mental functions)
An OT evaluates a client’s morning routine and identifies habits, roles, rituals, and routines that either support or interfere with participation. Collectively, the OTPF classifies these as this domain component.
What are performance patterns?
A client plans a grocery list, purchases the needed items, and completes payment at the store. The OTPF-4 classifies these activities within this broad category of occupation.
What are instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)?
An OT learns that a client’s age, education, profession, upbringing, and life experiences influence how the client approaches returning to work. The OTPF-4 classifies these characteristics as this type of context.
What are personal factors?
After a stroke, a client has difficulty completing the established sequence of showering, dressing, eating breakfast, and preparing to leave for work. The OT identifies disruption in this type of performance pattern.
What is a routine?
During dressing, a client has difficulty maintaining balance while standing to pull up pants and requires the dresser for support. The OT is observing a problem with this type of performance skill.
What are motor skills?
A client states, “Being able to prepare dinner for my family is important because caring for my family is one of the most important things in my life.” Within the OTPF-4, this statement most directly reflects this client factor.
What are values?
A client has sufficient strength and ROM to prepare a simple meal but has difficulty sequencing steps, organizing materials, and adapting when an ingredient is unavailable. Within the OTPF, the OT should primarily examine this category of observable, goal-directed actions.
What are performance skills? (specifically process skills)
An OT works with a 20 year old on strategies for completing assignments, participating in class, and managing the demands of coursework. These activities fall under this category of occupation.
What is education?
A student with a disability has the skills needed to participate in class, but inaccessible classroom furniture limits participation. According to the OTPF-4, the primary barrier is located within this aspect of the occupational therapy domain.
What is the environment/context? (Accept: environmental factors)
A client returning home after a spinal cord injury states, “The most important thing to me is being able to take care of my children again.” The OT explores how the client can resume responsibilities associated with being a parent. This reflects which performance pattern?
What is a role?
While making coffee, a client gathers all necessary items but completes the steps out of order and needs cues to finish the task correctly. The OT is primarily observing difficulty with this type of performance skill.
What are process skills?
An OT observes that a client frequently drops clothing fasteners during dressing. The dropping itself represents ineffective occupational performance, but decreased hand strength is hypothesized as the underlying factor. According to the OTPF-4, decreased strength should be classified as this.
What is the body function of muscle power?
After completing the evaluation, the OT develops measurable goals and determines how intervention will be approached. These are primary components of this part of the OT process.
What is the intervention plan?
A client recovering from a stroke wants to resume attending a weekly book club because connecting with friends is an important part of their life. The OT is primarily supporting this category of occupation.
What is social participation?
A client performs meal preparation independently in a quiet therapy kitchen but becomes overwhelmed when completing the same occupation in a crowded, noisy home. This scenario demonstrates that occupational performance can change when this aspect of the domain changes.
What is context?
Every Sunday, a family prepares a traditional meal together using recipes passed down through generations. The activity has cultural meaning and reinforces the family’s shared values and identity. The OTPF-4 would classify this meaningful, symbolic pattern as this.
What is a ritual?
During a group activity, a client speaks clearly but frequently interrupts others, has difficulty taking turns, and does not adjust responses based on feedback from group members. The OT is primarily observing difficulty with this type of performance skill.
What are social interaction skills?
An OT documents pain, decreased joint mobility, impaired attention, and decreased muscle power. According to the OTPF-4, these findings belong to this category of Client Factors.
What are body functions?
During an initial evaluation, the OT gathers information about the client's occupations, roles, routines, interests, values, contexts, and priorities. This information contributes primarily to this part of the evaluation process.
What is the occupational profile?