Diagnosis
What is another name for primary hypertension?
Essential hypertension
What differentiates hypertensive emergency vs urgency?
Hypertensive emergency has end organ damage.
Which two drinks should be recommended to decrease?
Alcohol and high caffeine drinks (ex: coffee)
Pheochromocytoma treatment
Competitive alpha-1 antagonist (ex: prazosin) or non-competitive alpha-1 antagonist (ex: phenoxypenzamine)
THEN beta-blocker (ex: propranolol)
What is the blood pressure goal for a patient with a h/o hypertension and is younger than 60?
<140 / <90
What in-office blood pressure reading requires home measurements to confirm diagnosis of hypertension?
130-159 / 85-99
How long do you have to safely treat hypertensive emergency vs urgency.
Hypertensive emergency: Within one hour
Hypertensive urgency: Within a few hours
What does DASH diet stand for?
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
Name at least one illicit drug that can cause secondary hypertension.
Cocaine
Methamphetamine
What is the blood pressure goal for a patient with a h/o hypertension and is 60 years old or older?
<150 / <90
Define Masked Hypertension
Normal in office, but high at home
How do you define hypertensive urgency (ie. what blood pressures/symptoms)?
Blood pressure > 240/130 without symptoms
OR
Blood pressure >200/120 with symptoms (such as chest pain)
List CAGE questions
C: Cut down: Ever tried to cut down but found it hard to?
A: Annoyed at other people who would like you to cut down?
G: Guilt for smoking?
E: Eye-opener: Do you smoke within one hour of waking up in the morning?
Does hyper or hypothyroidism cause hypertension
BOTH.
Trick question.
Which anti-hypertensive can cause drug induced lupus?
Hydralazine
Define White Coat Hypertension
Elevated hypertension in office, but normal at home
Does hypertensive urgency require hospitalization or can out-patient medications work?
Hypertensive urgency: can use out-patient management
Vs
Hypertensive emergency: Must hospitalization patient
How many mg of salt does the American Heart Association recommended per day?
Less than 1,500 mg /1.5 g per day
A patient has developed secondary hypertension after beginning a birth control medication. What do you recommend?
Switch to progestin contraception or other contraceptive method
When is ACEI or ARBs first line in treatment of hypertension, regardless of race?
When they have comorbidity of chronic kidney disease
At what age does USPSTF recommend beginning blood pressure screening?
Grade A: Adults 18 and up
Pediatrics is Grade I
What percentage of blood pressure do you want to decrease within the first 1-2 hours of a hypertensive emergency?
Decrease by 20-25% within the first two hours.
How much is the minimum amount of exercise recommended by the American Heart Association per week?
150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise.
75 minutes of intense aerobic activity.
2 days of muscle strength training
Which two herbal supplements can cause hypertension?
Ephedra and St. John's wort
What is the recommended treatment of hypertension in an African-American WITHOUT chronic kidney disease?
Thiazide diuretics or CCB
ACEI and ARBs are not recommended as first-line in African American patients