Aseptic technique, disinfection, and reprocessing
This term is used for items that only contacts intact skin and requires low-level disinfection.
Non-critical items
This type of study compares those with and without an outcome for past exposures
Case-control study
The 2 standard screening tests used for tuberculosis (TB) in healthcare workers
TB skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA)
This staining procedure is used to identify bacteria based on cell wall properties
Gram stain
This type of indicator confirms sterilization by killing spores
Biological indicator
The consequence of rejecting a true null hypothesis
Type I error
In order to prevent transmission of the disease to the healthcare worker, a patient infected with Neisseria meningitidis must be placed under this level of precautions.
Droplet precautions
Detection of this class of antibody is used to identify infections in the acute phase and is typically the first type of antibody present in the immune response.
IgM
This classification system is used to determine whether an item is critical, semi-critical, or non-critical
Spaulding classification
True Positives/ (True Positives + False Positives)
Positive Predictive Value
A healthcare worker has an accidental needlestick from a patient testing positive for HBsAG and HBeAg. Treatment includes these 2 options
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and HBV vaccination booster
Analysis of Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) shows elevated neutrophils. This type of meningitis is suspected.
Bacterial
This syndrome can result from toxic residues left on improperly rinsed ophthalmic instruments
Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrom (TASS)
This ratio is used to compare the risk of an event occurring in an exposed group to the risk of it occurring in an unexposed group
Relative Risk
The time window for initiating post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV after an employee needlestick incident
1 to 2 hours
This test is used to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae in which antibodies cause clumping of red blood cells
Cold Agglutinins
The process in which microscopic bubbles implode to remove soil in ultrasonic cleaning
Cavitation
Number of new cases during a specified period divided by the total time all persons were at risk (patient days, etc.)
Incidence rate
The 2-step procedure is recommended for PPD skin tests because of the possibility of false negatives due to this phenomenon
Booster phenomenon
This molecular technique is used to increase amplification of targeted DNA/RNA sequences by through a cycling process and is quantified by tagging sequences with chemiluminescent markers
Real time PCR