Macromolecules
A protein that can chop up or bring together various substrates
What is an enzyme?
An enzyme that breaks down lactose, the sugar found in milk
What is lactase?
The protein factories of the cell
What are ribosomes?
The tendency for our bodies to return to a set temperature, oxygen concentration, blood glucose concentration, etc.
What is homeostasis?
The type of transport that requires ATP
What is active transport?
Made up of fatty acid subunits (monomers), this macromolecules is the main component of cell membranes
What is a lipid?
Something that speeds up a reaction
What is a catalyst?
The watery soup inside the cell
What is the cytoplasm?
Our bodies automatically do this to release heat when we are overheating.
What is sweating?
What is a hypertonic solution?
Only two examples exist of this macromolecule, and yet they provide the instruction manual for everything in living organisms
This enzyme, found in human saliva, is able to break down amylose (starch) into smaller sugars.
What is amylase?
What are the cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large, central vacuole?
This ratio indicates how much space each cell has for exchanging materials with the external environment and is considered a measure of efficiency
What is the surface area to volume ratio?
The type of membrane transport wherein solutes flow through a membrane protein from a high solute concentration to a low solute concentration (super science-y sounding name)
What is facilitated diffusion?
The type of macromolecule that serves as fuel for our cells as it is converted into ATP in the mitochondria
What is a carbohydrate?
The coming together of an enzyme and whatever it is breaking down
What is the enzyme-substrate complex?
This "organism" lacking its own cellular equipment hijacks cells, injects its genetic material (DNA) into the nucleus so that the hijacked cell will make all the proteins needed by the hijacker
What is a virus?
The total area of this component of the cell determines how much space the cell has to exchange materials with the outside world
What is the cell membrane?
True or false: Active transport of solutes across a membrane always requires a protein
True!
(the protein is activated by the ATP)
Nucleic acids break down into these monomers
What is a nucleotide?
In addition to heat, this is one environmental factor that can kill/denature/inactivate an enzyme
What is pH (acidity)?
Found in animal and plant cells but NOT in bacteria, this organelle creates ATP energy from glucose
What are the mitochondria?
A pair of plant cells, typically on the underside of the leaf, actively transport potassium into the vacuole, which leads to water moving into the vacuole as well. This results in the inflation of these cells, which move apart and create stomata.
What are guard cells?
Molecules (not water) moving from a high concentration to a low concentration
What is diffusion?