Potential Outcomes
Occurs when inflammatory cells like neutrophils and macrophages are cleared from the area, and the tissue is repaired without leaving behind any significant changes in structure or function.
Resolution
Without a sufficient supply of _______ wound healing will be delayed and perhaps impaired due to its crucial role in cellular metabolism, proliferation, and collagen synthesis.
Oxygen/blood
When the body's immune response to an infection or injury results in a localized collection of pus caused by liquefactive necrosis.
Abscess
Results from endogenous or exogenous pyrogens acting on the hypothalamus to increase body temperature.
Fever
A localized collection of bacteria, white blood cells, and dead tissue that occurs when the body's immune system tries to contain an infection.
Abscess
Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other microorganisms, _______ is a common trigger for inflammation. When these pathogens invade the body, the immune system recognizes them as foreign invaders and initiates a cascade of events leading to inflammation.
Infection
A partial or total reopening of a previously healed or nearly healed wound.
Wound dehiscence
Inflammation can cause various ________, including constipation, diarrhea, and acid reflux.
Gastrointestinal problems
Occurs when the body is unable to completely repair damaged tissue through regeneration. Fibroblasts migrate to the area and produce and organize extracellular matrix proteins like collagen.
Scar formation
The _______ plays a central role in both initiating and resolving inflammation. It initiates inflammation as a protective response to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, tissue damage, or toxins. But, if it overreacts, it can lead to chronic inflammation.
Immune system
An abnormal type of scar tissue caused by the excessive production of collagen, specifically types I and III.
Keloid scar
Also known as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), _____ can lead to organ dysfunction and failure and is usually characterized by fever or hypothermia, rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, and an abnormal white blood cell count.
Shock
Occurs when the initial inflammation doesn't resolve and the body continues to mount an inflammatory response even in the absence of a persistent threat. Can be triggered by unresolved acute inflammation, autoimmune disorders, chronic infections, or persistent exposure to irritants.
Chronic inflammation
______ play a crucial role in determining the outcomes of inflammation. For example, some are more likely to develop keloids during scarring due to a predisposition to keloid formation.
Genetics
This is the body's response to undigestible materials after the phagocytic cells fail to remove pathogens.
Cytokines released during inflammation can alter gene expression in muscle cells, increasing breakdown and reducing building. This would cause an overall feeling of ______.
Fatigue/weakness
A type of chronic inflammation in which immune cells, primarily macrophages and T cells, cluster and form granulomas in an attempt to wall off and destroy persistent foreign substances or pathogens.
Granulomatous inflammation
_______ like psychosocial stress, disrupted sleep patterns, and artificial light exposure can also influence the immune system and contribute to inflammation.
Social factors
Occur when inflammation causes tissues to become thickened and less elastic. The abnormal shortening of muscles or other tissues around a joint makes it difficult for tissues to stretch or bend the joint.
Contractures
Systemic inflammation can affect the central nervous system, leading to __________ such as confusion, changes in mood, and depression.
Changes in mental status