Quīntus carmen composuit Apollinī Diānaeque cantandum. What NOUN does the gerundive agree with, and what are the CASE & NUMBER?
Carmen; accusative singular
100
Translate 2 ways: imperium Augustō regendum erat.
The empire was to be ruled by Augustus. Augustus had to rule the empire.
100
What participle (tense & voice) is the gerundive?
future passive participle
100
What part of speech is the gerund?
Noun (it contains the root of a verb, but behaves/declines like a noun)
100
How many syllables are in a line of hendecasyllable poetry?
11
200
carmina Horātiī erunt nōbīs audienda! What NOUN does the gerundive agree with, and what are the CASE/NUMBER?
carmina; nominative plural
200
Translate 2 ways: cēna Scintillae paranda est.
Dinner must be prepared by Scintilla. Scintilla must prepare dinner.
200
In a gerundive of obligation, what case is the agent?
Dative (the ONLY time in Latin that the ablative of agent becomes dative)
200
Which participles take their stem of the 2nd principal part of a verb?
present active, future passive
200
Pygmalion was an ancient sculptor who fell in love with his beautiful statue named Galatea. At what deity's festival did Pygmalion pray to turn the statue Galatea into a real woman?
Venus/Aphrodite, the goddess of love! This particular festival was held on her sacred island Cyprus (where she first emerged after being born from seafoam).
300
omnibus bellīs confectīs, Augustus lūdōs celebrandōs iussit. What NOUN does the gerundive agree with, and what are the CASE & NUMBER?
lūdōs; accusative plural
300
Translate 2 ways: Horātius ad rūs recēdēbat ad strepitum (noise) urbis fugiendum.
Horace would withdraw to the countryside for the noise of the city to be fled from. Horace would withdraw to the countryside to flee the noise of the city.
300
Why is the gerundive sometimes particularly challenging for English speaking students?
There is no English equivalent.
300
Which participles take their stem from the 4th principal part of a verb?
perfect passive, future active
300
Who wrote the Aeneid?
Publius Vergilius Maro -- aka Vergil!
400
Augustus Horātium rogāvit ut sē adiuvāret in epistolīs scrībendīs. What NOUN does the gerundive agree with, and what are the CASE & NUMBER?
The enemy will have to be defeated by the Romans with greatest courage. The Romans will have to defeat the enemy with greatest courage.
400
Gerundives can decline freely among the cases depending on the noun it is describing. However, a gerundive of obligation is always nominative. Why?
The verb "to be" is used in this construction, so there is no direct object. The gerundive is MODIFYING THE SUBJECT of the sentence in the manner of a subject complement/ predicate nominative.
400
Decline the gerund of "amō, amāre, to love" through all cases. How does this gerund translate in English?
What is the world's largest rodent? (If you don't know the name, I will accept the continent on which it lives)
Capybara, in South America
500
puellae monendae sunt nē in silvīs lūdant. What NOUN does the gerundive agree with, and what are the CASE & NUMBER?
puellae; nominative plural
500
Translate 2 ways: templum est nōbīs aedificandum ad deōs dēlectandōs.
A temple must be built by us for the gods to be delighted. We must build a temple to delight the gods.
500
What is unusual about the gerundive of obligation in this case? (hint: "IN THIS CASE") Scintilla iussit cēnam cōnsūmendam esse.
It's in the accusative case because of the indirect statement
500
What are 2 ways to tell the difference between a Latin gerund and gerundive?
1.) The gerund is its own noun, whereas the gerundive is paired with a noun. 2.) The gerund only declines in the singular of a 2nd decl. neut. noun, whereas a gerundive can decline through all endings of an "-us -a -um" adj.
500
Name 3 of the past 6 Secretaries of State.
Madeleine Albright, Colin Powell, Condoleezza Rice, Hillary Clinton, John Kerry, Rex Tillerson