Understanding Stereotypes
This is the cognitive component of prejudice involving generalized belifs about a group.
What is a stereotype
This theory proposes that under the right conditions, direct contact between groups reduces prejudice.
What is contact hypothesis
This strategy involves deliberately imagining the world from another person's viewpoint.
What is perspective taking
These are goals that require competing groups to cooperate to achieve them.
What are subordinate goals
This emotional reaction often underlies many forms of prejudice.
What is fear (intergroup anxiety)
According to research, stereotypes often persist because people pay attention to information that supports their beliefs and ignore contradictory evidence.
What is conformation bias
For contact to reduce prejudice, groups must have this type of relationship during interaction.
What is equal status
Focusing on individual traits rather than group membership is known as this approach.
What is individuation
Reducing competition between groups helps lower prejudice because it decreases this perceived threat.
What is realistic conflict (resource competition)
When people avoid prejudice because they genuinely value equality, they show this motivation.
This mental shortcut helps people quickly categorize others but can lead to overgeneralization
What is categorization
This is one key condition where groups must work together toward shared outcomes.
What are common goals (shared goals)
This cognitive process involves actively replacing stereotypical thoughts with accurate ones.
What is stereotype replacement
Policies that encourage fairness and equal treatment across groups are examples of this broad approach.
What are institutional or structural interventions
Avoiding prejudice mainly to appear unbiased to others reflects this motivation.
What is external motivation to respond without prejudice
When people assume members of an outgroup are all alike, they are demonstrating this bias.
What is the outgroup homogeneity effect
The famous classroom technique developed by Aronson that reduced prejudice by making students depend on each other.
What is the jigsaw classroom
When people consciously monitor and regulate their automatic prejudiced reactions, they are using this process.
What is controlled processing (conscious regulation)
This theory explains prejudice as partly driven by peoples need to favor their own group.
What is social identity theory
Positive emotional experiences between groups helps reduce prejudice through this process.
What is affective reconditioning (positive intergroup emotion)
This occurs when awareness of a stereotype leads individuals to perform in ways to confirm it.
What is stereotype threat
According to research, contact works best when it is supported by this broader social factor.
What is institutional support (authority support)
Research shows prejudice declines when people form this type of cross-group emotional bond.
What is intergroup friendship
Creating a shared, inclusive group identity reduces bias through this model.
What is the common intergroup identity model
What is empathy-induced altruism (empathy effect)