Cell Biology
What is the “powerhouse of the cell”?
Mitochondria
What molecule carries our genetic code?
DNA
What cells help fight infections?
White blood cells
What is the process where plants make their own food using sunlight?
Photosynthesis
These are single-celled organisms without a nucleus.
Bacteria
How many cells are made at the end of mitosis?
2
What are different versions of a gene called?
alleles
What organ filters toxins from the blood?
Liver
What pigment makes plants look green?
Chlorophyll
This lab tool grows microbes and looks like a shallow, round dish.
Petri dish
What are the two new cells after mitosis called?
Daughter cells
How many chromosome pairs do humans have?
23
What system sends signals to control your body?
Nervous system
What part of a flower makes pollen?
Anther
What process do bacteria use to directly copy their DNA before they divide?
DNA replication
What part of the cell cycle checks that chromosomes line up in the middle?
Metaphase
If a trait is physically visible (like eye color), it's part of the organism’s what?
phenotype
What's the tiny air sac in lungs where oxygen enters blood?
Alveoli
What plant tissue carries water up from roots?
Xylem
What growth phase has the fastest increase in bacterial population?
Log (exponential) phase
During which phase does the cell split its cytoplasm and finish dividing?
Cytokinesis
What enzyme copies DNA to make new strands during replication?
DNA polymerase
What is the name of the disease where the immune system attacks the brain and spinal cord’s protective myelin?
Multiple sclerosis
What are the microscopic pores on leaves that let gases in and out called?
Stomata
What is the name of the natural process that explains how bacteria become stronger and harder to kill when exposed to antibiotics?
Natural selection leading to antibiotic resistance