Asthma Basics
Asthma is characterized by this type of airway problem.
What is reversible airway obstruction/bronchoconstriction?
This class of drugs provides immediate relief of acute symptoms.
What are SABAs, e.g., albuterol?
The two main types of COPD are ____.
What are chronic bronchitis and emphysema?
This breathing technique helps patients exhale trapped air.
What is pursed-lip breathing?
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in this gene.
What is the CFTR gene?
Name one common trigger for asthma attacks.
What are allergens, cold air, exercise, smoke, etc.?
This class of drugs is the cornerstone of long-term asthma control.
Answer: What are inhaled corticosteroids?
The number one risk factor for COPD.
What is cigarette smoking?
The primary goal of oxygen therapy in COPD is to keep SpO₂ at or above ____.
What is 90%?
Cystic fibrosis primarily affects these two organ systems.
What are the lungs and pancreas?
The 'classic triad' of asthma symptoms includes coughing, wheezing, and ____.
What is shortness of breath/chest tightness?
Patients should do this before using inhalers to improve effectiveness.
What is shake the inhaler and use a spacer if prescribed?
This symptom, caused by air trapping, leads to a rounded chest appearance.
What is barrel chest?
Patients with COPD are encouraged to eat meals that are (small and frequent / large and infrequent).
What is small and frequent?
The mucus in CF is abnormally ____.
What is thick and sticky?
This test measures the patient’s peak expiratory flow rate.
What is a PEFR/peak flow meter?
Asthma management uses a 'stepwise' approach, meaning medications are adjusted based on ____.
What is disease severity/symptom control?
COPD is considered progressive and (reversible/irreversible).
What is irreversible?
Name one type of airway clearance therapy used in COPD.
What are chest physiotherapy, percussion, vibration, or postural drainage?
A common test used to diagnose CF measures the amount of this in sweat.
What is chloride?
Severe, prolonged asthma attack unresponsive to treatment is called ____.
What is status asthmaticus?
A written plan that helps patients recognize worsening asthma and what to do is called ____.
What is an asthma action plan?
In emphysema, this lung structure is destroyed.
What are alveoli/alveolar walls?
COPD patients should avoid this class of drugs because it can depress respiratory drive.
What are sedatives/narcotics?
Median survival for CF patients has improved due to advances in ____.
What are airway clearance, medications, lung transplant, multidisciplinary care?