Oxygenation
the process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is transported from cells
what is Gas Exchange
air enters the pleural space but cannot escape
What is Tension pneumothorax
sudden and progressive form of ARF in which the alveolar-capillary membrane becomes damaged and more permeable to intravascular fluid
What is ARDS?
92-100%
What is Normal Oxygen saturation
shows air or fluid in the pleural space and reduction in lung volume
What is a chest x-ray?
process of inhaling oxygen into the lungs and exhaling carbon dioxide from the lungs
What is Ventilation
accumulation of blood in the pleural space from injury to the chest wall, diaphragm, lung, blood vessels, or mediastinum
What is a hemothorax?
the volume of blood perfusing the lungs and the amount of gas reaching the alveoli are not identical
What is V/Q mismatch?
elevated CO2 levels
What is hypercapnia?
An occlusive dressing that is secured on 3 sides
What is a vent dressing?
the ability of blood to transport oxygen-containing hemoglobin to cells and return carbon dioxide-containing hemoglobin to the alveoli
What is Perfusion
occurs due to the rupture of small blebs (air-filled sacs) on the surface of the lung
What is a spontaneous pneumothorax
dyspnea, tachypnea, restlessness, and cough fine crackles
What are some early s/s of ARDS?
PH: 7.26, PaCO2: 53, HCO3: 28
What is Respiratory Acidosis with partial compensation
Common treatment for pneumthorax and hemothorax
What is a chest tube?
the availability of hemoglobin and its ability to carry oxygen from alveoli to cells for metabolism and to carry carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism from cells to alveoli to be eliminated.
What is Transport
can occur due to laceration or puncture of the lung during medical procedures.
What is an iatrogenic pneumothorax?
fragile alveoli are overdistended with excess pressure during mechanical ventilation
What is barotrauma?
PH: 7.24, PaCO2: 49, HCO3: 25
What is Respiratory acidosis with partial compensation
Bilateral opacities: not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse, or nodules
What is a chest x-ray?
normal physiological process requires interaction between which 3 systems
what is the cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurologic
short, shallow, rapid respirations; dyspnea; air hunger; and O2 desaturation.
What are signs and symptoms of respiratory distress?
Good hand washing, Elevate head of the bed 30 to 45 degrees, Daily assessment of readiness for extubation Stress ulcer and VTE prophylaxis, and daily oral care with chlorhexidine (0.12%) solution
What is the ventilation buddle?
Continuous or rigourous bubbling in chest tube
What is an air leak?