Kinesiology Basics
How does the body appear when in anatomical position?
Standing, facing forward, feet parallel and close, and palms facing forward
What are the four categories of parallel muscles?
Flat, fusiform, strap, radiate
What are the three components of a lever system?
Axis or fulcrum, resistance, and force or effort
How many vertebrae are there in the human body?
33 vertebrae
The sternoclavicular joint produces these four movements.
Protraction, retraction, elevation, depression
Which directional term means "away from the midline or point of origin?"
Distal
This muscular connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers
Endomysium
Which type of lever is present when the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum?
First-class lever
What are the two functional structures of the intervertebral discs?
Annulus fibrosus (collagen ring) and nucleus pulposus (gel-like fluid)
The acromioclavicular joint has this many degrees of gliding and rotational motion.
20-30 degrees
Which directional term means "pertaining or relating to the opposite side?"
Contralateral
The thin filament within a sarcomere is called what?
Actin
This type of lever is the most common lever in the human joints.
Third-class lever
The name for two adjacent vertebrae and the soft tissue in between.
Motion segment
A network of nerve fibers that run from the spine to the upper extremity
Brachial plexus
Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?
Sagittal Plane
Name the four muscle tissue properties.
Excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity
What does Newton's Third Law of Motion state?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
The five movements of the lumbar spine.
Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, reduction, rotation
When the shoulder girdle experiences downward rotation, what movement occurs at shoulder joint?
Adduction
What are the three components of the axial skeleton?
Skull, chest, vertebral column
Which type of muscle contraction occurs during the lengthening phase of an isotonic contraction?
Eccentric contraction
What are the five types of mechanical stress?
Compressive, tensile, shear, bending, combined
Where does the rectus abdominis muscle insert?
Ribs and the xiphoid process of sternum
What two actions does the serratus anterior muscle produce at shoulder girdle?
Protraction and upward rotation