PAD
Involves thickening of the artery walls and progressive narrowing of arteries of upper and lower extremities
peripheral artery disease
what are some overall goals of therapy we have for a patient with PAD
adequate tissue perfusion, relief of pain, increased exercise tolerance, intact healthy skin, increased knowledge of disease and treatment plan
what causes sudden interruptions in arterial blood supply to a tissue, organ, or extremity
embolism, thrombosis, or trauma
acute inflammation of the walls of small cannulated veins of the hand or arm
phlebitis
name 4 risk factors of PAD
tobacco, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, age greater than 60
what is the optimal therapy for someone with critical limb ischemia
revascularization
episodic, vasospastic disorder of small cutaneous arteries; fingers and toes most common
Raynaud's Phenomenon
how do you diagnosis superficial vein thrombosis
ultrasound
ischemic muscle pain that is caused by constant level of exercise
intermittent claudication
what are 3 out of 7 conservative treatments for critical limb ischemia
protect from trauma, decrease ischemia pain, prevent/control infection, improve arterial perfusion, skin care, soft roomy protective shoes, keep heals free of pressure
what are the 6 P's
pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, poikilothermic
Three VTE measures
early and progressive mobilization, graduated compression stockings, and intermittent pneumatic compression devices
chronic ischemic rest pain lasting more than 2 weeks, non-healing arterial leg ulcers, and has diabetes, HF, and increased stroke risk
Critical Limb Ischemia
cilostazol, pentoxifylline
what anticoagulant should be used
IV heparin
what does VTE prophylaxis do
prevent clot formation
what kind of drugs reduce PAD symptoms
ACE inhibitors (ramipril)
Antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel)
*radiology procedure* catheter has a balloon at the top, the balloon is inflated dilating the vessel by compressing atherosclerotic intimal lining, stent is placed to hold artery open
percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
nonatherosclerotic, segmental, recurrent inflammatory disorder of the small and medium arteries and veins of the arms and legs. most common in men younger than 45 yrs with hx of tobacco and marijuana use
Thromboangiitis Obliterans
Vitamin K antagonists (Warfarin)
Thrombin inhibitors (heparin, LMWH)
Direct thrombin inhibitors (Hirudin derivative, synthetic)