Growth & Development
At what age does most children begin to walk independently?
Around 12-18 months
You’re treating a 3-year-old with a seizure lasting 6 minutes. What’s your first-line medication and route?
Buccal Midazolam
What is our ceiling of care with children on High Flow Nasal Prong Oxygen?
2L/Kg at 40% Fio2.
What pH range indicates correct placement of a nasogastric tube?
1-4
You are preparing a paediatric IV cannula insertion. Name two ways to reduce procedural pain and anxiety.
Topical anaesthetic cream, age-appropriate distraction techniques, parental presence, or comfort positioning.
What is the normal heart rate for a 2 year old?
Around 90-140
What is the correct dose for IV midazolam?
0.15mcg/kg
Name three signs of a severely dehydrated child.
Reduced LOC, tachycardia, tachypnoea, hypotension, pale/mottled, cold, weak, deeply sunken eyes/fontanelle, dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, prolonged cap refill, severely reduced urine output
How many mls/kg every 5 minutes should a child drink?
0.8mls/kg every 5 minutes
How long can a long-term NGT stay in situ?
30 days
What developmental milestone is expected around 4 years old
Can speak in 4-5 word sentences/asks many questions
What is the usual IV benzylpenicillin dose (per kg) for children aged 1–18 years being treated for bacterial infections?
IV/IM 30 mg/kg (maximum 1.2 g) For severe infections, use up to 60 mg/kg (maximum 2.4 g).
What are the reversible causes (4 H’s and 4 T’s) of paediatric cardiac arrest?
Hypoxaemia, Hypovolaemia, Hypo/hyperthermia, Hyper/hypokalaemia & metabolic disorders
Tension pneumothorax, Tamponade, Toxins/poisons/drugs, Thromboembolism
How do you calculate 2/3rds maintenance fluids?
4 2 1 Rule!
4 mL/kg/hour for the first 10 kg of body weight+
2 mL/kg/hour for the next 10 kg of body weight +
1 mL/kg/hour for each additional kg above 20 kg
THEN calculate 2/3rds of this.
<1 year old
Eaten <2hrs ago
Closed head injury/recent LOC
Airway obstruction/burns
Known airway/respiratory disease
Pneumothorax/recent abdo surgery
Otitis media in past 2 weeks
Intoxication
General anaesthesia in past 24hrs