muscle shortens because muscle tension exceeds load
100
term for an increase in muscle fiber size
hypertrophy
100
is the communication to the body from nervous system chemical or electrical?
both
100
what are selective membrane ion channels made up of?
Large proteins
100
what are three ways that ACh can be removed from a synapse to reduce over excitation?
diffusion
degradation
re uptake
200
define motor unit
motor neuron and all muscle fibers it supplies
200
What is disuse atrophy?
muscle wasting due to lack of use
200
what is integration?
Processing and interpretation of sensory input
200
is sodium more abundant inside or outside of a resting cell membrane?
outside
200
at the axon terminal, exocytosis is caused by what?
calcium
300
define muscle twitch
Motor unit's response to single action potential of its motor neuron
300
define peristalsis
Alternating contractions and relaxations of smooth muscle layers that mix and squeeze substances through lumen of hollow organs
300
what is an effector ?
organs (muscles and glands) produces a response
300
What are the three types of gated ion channels?
-Chemically gated (ligand-gated) channels
-Voltage-gated channels
-Mechanically gated channels
Open and
300
what is acetylcholinesterase?
it breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
400
What is muscle tone?
Constant, slightly contracted state of all muscles
400
where the the two places where calcium is obtained for muscle contraction?
extracellular fluid and the sarcoplasmic reticulum
400
what anatomy does the CNS include?
Brain and spinal cord
400
what is the space between the terminal axon and the muscle fiber called?
synapse
400
_____________is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body
axon
500
What is ATP used for in muscle contraction?
energy
500
what is sarcopenia?
loss of muscle mass
500
what are the functions of myelin?
Protects and electrically insulates axon
Increases speed of nerve impulse transmission
500
define exocytosis
process by which a cell directs the contents of secretory vesicles out of the cell membrane and into the extracellular space
500
_________ are the branched projections of a neuron that act to conduct the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma.