OUCH!
List 3 types of pain scales and an example of when they would be used
1-10 (5+yrs old)
FLACC (nonverbal, 2mo-7yrs)
CRIES (babies)
Wong Baker Faces (3+ Yrs old)
Oucher (3-13 yrs old)
4g/day max, hepatotoxic
What is acetaminophen
Taking medications together that can increase therapeutic effect
What is the synergistic effect?
Gingerroot and garlic
What is inhibit platelet aggregation?
-increased risk of bleeding
Warfarin/coumadin
Physiological, behavioral, affective
What is responses to pain?
Somatic, Visceral, Cutaneous
What are types of Nociceptive pain
(pain from damage or inflammation of tissue)
Contraindication for giving oral medication
What is vomiting, decreased GI motility, no gag reflex, difficulty swallowing, decrease LOC
Sedation, Respiratory depression, Orthostatic hypotension, Urinary retention, Nausea/Vomit, Constipation
What is side effect of opiod analgesic?
Has a calming effect
What is chamomile or valerian?
Mind/body focus
Holistic
Emphasis on health not disease
What is Complementary Theory or belief?
Anxiety and/or fear
What is a factor that affects pain experience and/or can increase sensitivity?
Addiction
What is psychological or physical dependence on opioid ?
Safety: have pt sit or lie down, change position slowly.
Due to what?
What is orthostatic hypotension?
Helps with nausea
What is peppermint, licorice or ginger?
Anticonvulsant
Antianxiety
Antidepressant
Anesthetic
Antihistamine
Antiemetic
What is Adjuvant analgesic?
PQRST, and what does each stand for?
P-Provoke/ Point
Q- Quality
R- Radiate/ Relief
S-Severity
T- Time/ Onset
Self administered analgesic; small frequent doses
What is a PCA?
Patient controlled Analgesia
Dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation
What anticholinergic effects
Improves memory
Ginkgo biloba
RISK- increases bleeding- don’t take with warfarin/coumadin
Temporary flare-up of moderate to severe pain
What is breakthrough pain?
Incident, idiopathic, end of dose
Identify 3 types of nonpharmacological pain interventions and how to evaluate if they are effective
Cognitive Behavioral
Cutaneous (skin)
Distraction
Relaxation
Imagery
Acupuncture/Pressure
Reduction of environmental stimuli
Elevation
Heat/cold
Steps to administer MDI
What is
Shake, hold 1-2 away, exhale, tilt head back, press, inhale slowly 3-5 sec, hold breath 10 sec?
Tremors, rigidity, restless, acute dystonia(spastic movements) drooling, agitation, shuffling gait
What are Extrapyramidal symotoms?
Herbal supplements are regulated by what agency?
What is none?
Opioid and/or local anesthetic acts directly on the opiate receptors in the spinal cord
What is an epidural analgesic?