Pain Scales
Scale uses words to help the individual describe pain intensity
What is the Verbal Descriptor Pain
Scale?
These chemical substances are released as apart of nociceptive pain
What are prostaglandins (increase sensitivity of pain receptors) and endorphins/enkephalins? (suppress pain reception)
Pain associated with a nonnoxious stimuli or nerve route injury may cause this
What is allodynia?
The standard used for measuring the existence and intensity of pain
What is "the patient self report"?
The preferred routes least expensive, best tolerated and easiest to administer
What is the oral route of pain medication administration?
This scale consists of cartoon faces that the patient selects to report their pain
What is the Wong-Baker Faces Scale?
The four processes involved in nociception
What are Transduction, Transmission, Perception, and Modulation?
Nerves in the spinal cord are hyperexcitable which result in pain
What is the central pain mechanism?
What information describes how the patient perceives pain?
What is Culture; Past pain experiences, medical history, lab tests, diagnostic tests?
Preventing pain and maintaining a pain intensity allowing the patient to accomplish a functional goal or quality of life goal
What are the principles of effective pain management?
A 10 cm line that represents no pain to worst pain on the opposite sides of the line. The individual places a mark Somewhere between the two ends of the line to represent their pain severity
What is the visual analog scale?
The brain influences the way pain is perceived
What is perception?
Hyperexcitable nerve endings in the periphery become damaged leading to an abnormal reorganization of the nervous system is known as what?
What is neuroplasticity?
Pain management begins with
What is a systematic assessment?
Results in hepatotoxicity and should not exceep 4,000 mg/day
What is acetaminophen?
When you assessing the patient and use a reliable and valid measurement tool
What is pain intensity?
The conversion of one energy form to another starting at the periphery when a noxious stimulus causes tissue damage
What is transduction?
Dysfunctional pain that occurs without tissue damage and inflammation; nerve endings become damaged
What is neuropathic pain?
Every new report of pain and before/after administering analgesic agents
What is pain reassessment?
Many result in gastric ulcers or contribute to MI or stroke
What are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
rating scale ranges form 0-10 with 0 indicating no pain
What is the numeric rating scale?
Pathophysiological pain
What is Neuropathic pain?
The neural processing of noxious stimuli
What is nociception?
Location, intensity, quality, onset, duration, aggravating and relieving factors, effect of pain on quality and function of life, comfort-function goal
What is a comprehensive pain assessment?
first line medication with no ceiling effect
What are Mu Agonist opioids? (Morphine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, oxycodone, methadone)